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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: sids + variation + african  Related to the article below (Last Update: 12/1/2008)

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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: sids + gene + increases  Related to the article below (Last Update: 8/7/2008)

Final Stroke Play Qualifying ? Open Division
Kansas City Star, MO -
Augustine, Gene Robbins, Peter 36-34?70. Roles, Gary Sasek, Berwyn 34-36?70. Bezek, Bob Bowen, Mitch 35-36?71. Bachelor, Tom Cline, Vern 35-36?71. ...
Clubs listings
Ventura County Star, CA -
9: Jim Christie, 8 pm Aug. 13: Chris & Thomas, 8 pm Aug. 14: Bluegrass jam hosted by Gene Rubin featuring Phil Salazar, 6 pm.
Caray will be missed
Gadsden Times (subscription), AL - Aug 5, 2008
John Mark Stallings was one of the most popular figures around the football program when his father, Gene Stallings, was head coach at the University of ...
At last, law addresses genetic testing in employment, insurance
Kansas City Star, MO -
If you have the breast cancer gene, is an employer justified in not promoting you to a key job out of fear that you?ll get sick? If you have diabetes, ...
County Commission candidates selected for November election; Adair ...
Kirksville Daily Express and Daily News, MO -
Republican First District incumbent E. Gene Schneider cruised to a win with 353 votes, more than his opposition received combined (Sherry Stacey - 186 votes ...
Ramblings: Class Room To Board Room
thejournal-news.net, IL - Aug 4, 2008
Then precinct committeeman Gene Fox was the first to approach me about becoming a candidate; he suggested I run for a county-wide office. ...
Heart screening could save lives
The Kingston Whig-Standard, Canada - Aug 5, 2008
Doctors believe that many drownings and cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are caused by one of the "big five" inherited cardiac diseases: ARVC, ...
New Clue Found In Cause Of SIDS
Evening Bulletin, PA - Jul 10, 2008
... experienced by human infants who suffered from SIDS, since the mice had been engineered to have an overactive gene that inhibits serotonin production. ...

Los Angeles Times
Craig's track associates remember him as friend
San Diego Union Tribune, United States - Jul 24, 2008
By Hank Wesch DEL MAR ? Hall of Fame trainer Ron McAnally yesterday remembered Sid Craig, who died Monday of cancer at 76, as ?one of the best clients and ...
DEL MAR: Sid Craig, co-founder of weight-loss empire, dies North County Times - Californian
all 136 news articles »
Fresno State benefactor dies
Fresno Bee (subscription), CA - Jul 22, 2008
By Jim Steinberg / The Fresno Bee Sid Craig, a once and forever Fresno State Bulldog who pledged $10 million to California State University, Fresno, ...
Source: Google News

Prevalence of Long-QT Syndrome Gene Variants in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome -
M Arnestad, L Crotti, TO Rognum, R Insolia, M … - Circulation, 2007 - Am Heart Assoc
... sleeping position, which is associated with increased sympathetic activity ... of genetic
variants located on the same gene. ... case for the 7 of 8 SIDS subjects that ...

… nicotine alters vigilance states and AchR gene expression in the neonatal rat: implications for SIDS -
MG Frank, H Srere, C Ledezma, BO'Hara, HC Heller - American Journal of Physiology- Regulatory, Integrative and …, 2001 - Am Physiological Soc
... subunits) and muscarinic receptor (m1 AChR) gene expression in ... findings and their
implications for SIDS are discussed ... We also found increases in m1 AchR mRNA ...

Gene-environment interactions: implications for sudden unexpected deaths in infancy. -
CE Hunt - Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2005 - pt.wkhealth.com
... of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) compared with ... the serotonin transporter protein
(5-HTT) gene which is ... The long L allele increases effectiveness of the ...

Serotonin Transporter Gene Variation Is a Risk Factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in the … -
N Narita, M Narita, S Takashima, M Nakayama, T … - Pediatrics, 2001 - Am Acad Pediatrics
... application of 5-HTT polymorphism to find potential candidates for SIDS. ... 5-HTT promoter
L variant was associated with increased expression of the gene in in ...

Characterization of a novel human calicivirus that may be a naturally occurring recombinant -
X Jiang, C Espul, WM Zhong, H Cuello, DO Matson - Archives of Virology, 1999 - Springer
... of HuCVs was suggested when the cap- sid and RNA ... 5]. Therefore, high sequence
conservation would increase the inter ... of the genome from the capsid gene to the 3 ...

The potential role of bacterial toxins in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) -
CC Blackwell, AT Saadi, MW Raza, DM Weir, A … - International Journal of Legal Medicine, 1993 - Springer
... from donors who lack the Lewis gene (Lewis-negative ... aureus and to precipitate events
leading to SIDS ... Body temperature might be increased by concurrent minor ...

Insertional Mutagenesis of the Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 (AAV2) Capsid Gene and Generation of … -
W Shi, GS Arnold, JS Bartlett - Human Gene Therapy, 2001 - liebertonline.com
... at the N terminus of the VP2 capsid protein increased transduction of ... rAAV
containingwild-typeor mutant cap- sids were determinedby gene transduction assay ...

Possible association of sudden infant death with partial complement C4 deficiency revealed by post- … -
PM Schneider, C Wendler, T Riepert, L Braun, U … - European Journal of Pediatrics, 1989 - Springer
... the tandemly ar- ranged complement CA and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes, an increased
number of C4B gene deletions in SID cases was found. The increase in C4 ...

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Infants Who Died of Sudden Infant … -
KL Jones, HF Krous, J Nadeau, B Blackbourne, HR … - Pediatrics, 2003 - Am Acad Pediatrics
... in SIDS, one would expect that VEGF levels increased in measurable ... as reflected by
the time needed for gene upregulation and ... found in 30 of 51 SIDS CSF samples ...

Association of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome With VEGF and IL-6 Gene Polymorphisms -
M Dashash, V Pravica, IV Hutchinson, AJ Barson, DB … - Human Immunology, 2006 - Elsevier
... and 9]. In addition, when in the prone position, the temperature of the nasopharynx
increases. ... The lack of association of SIDS with gene polymorphisms of ...

Source: Google Scholar
 
 

SCN5A gene variation increases SIDS risk in African Americans

A research team based at the University of Chicago found that about five percent of deaths from SIDS ( sudden infant death syndrome ) in African Americans can be traced to defects in one gene and half of those deaths result from a common genetic variation that increases an infant's risk of developing an abnormal heart rhythm during times of environmental stress.

Children with two copies of the common genetic variation have a 24-fold increased risk of sudden death as infants. One out of nine African Americans carries one copy of the common variant.
One copy does not appear to increase risk for infants.

" The common polymorphism alone does not cause SIDS," said Steven Goldstein, at the University of Chicago and director of the study. " Our findings suggest, however, that it renders infants vulnerable to environmental challenges -- such as a long pause in respiration -- that are tolerated by children without the mutation."

" The hope," he added, "is that findings like this may one day allow us to intervene. We might screen to identify children at high risk and teach parents how to lessen the likelihood of secondary challenges. We have already begun to evaluate drugs that may mitigate the risk."

SIDS -- the sudden and unanticipated death of an infant with no detectable lethal disorder -- is the leading cause of infant deaths in the United States, representing nearly one-third of deaths between one month and one year of age. African Americans have three times greater risk of SIDS than Caucasians and six times the risk of Hispanics or Asians, suggesting an important role for genetics.
 
The researchers studied the genes in tissue collected from 133 African-American infants with a diagnosis of SIDS after autopsy. They compared results with tissue samples from 1,056 African-American adults with no known health problems.

Their search focused on abnormalities in a gene called SCN5A, which has been associated with abnormal heart rhythms. Overall, the team found common and rare changes in this gene in five percent of SIDS deaths in African Americans. One specific variation, known as Y1103, was known to confer an eight-fold risk of cardiac arrhythmia in African-American adults with one copy.

In this study, the researchers found that having two copies of Y1103 was more common in infants who died from SIDS than in controls. Three out of the 133 African-American SIDS cases ( 2.3% ) had two copies of Y1103, compared to only one individual out of 1,056 controls ( 0.1% ). Four other SIDS cases had other damaging mutations in one copy of the gene.

How, they asked, might this variation contribute to SIDS ?

The SCN5A gene codes for a sodium channel, a pore found in cardiac muscle cells that controls the passage of sodium ions in and out of the cell.

" This seemed like a good candidate for a genetic difference that could contribute to SIDS," said Goldstein, "but we had no clear idea how it increased risk since the Y1103 variant did not affect channel operation under normal conditions."

Cellular activity, particularly that of nerve and muscle cells, is controlled by the flow of ions like sodium and potassium. A change in an ion channel, if it disrupts ion flow, can alter the cell's activity. So Goldstein's team concentrated on how Y1103 might change a cell's behavior.

On first look, it made no difference. Cells with the normal or Y1103 channels "were found to function indistinguishably," the authors wrote.

But SIDS is not purely genetic; it appears to require multiple "hits," some from altered genes and some from the environment.

The environment's role was demonstrated by the "Back to Sleep" campaign, begun in 1994, which cut the prevalence of SIDS in half by teaching parents to put babies to sleep lying on their backs. The campaign was based, in part, on the assumption that babies sleeping on their bellies had more spells of interrupted breathing or apnea.

One of the immediate consequences of apnea is a slight increase in acid levels inside oxygen-hungry muscle cells. When the researchers compared cells with the Y1103 mutation against normal cells in a slightly more acidic environment, the cells with the abnormal channels began to misbehave.

In normal cells, these sodium channels are closed at rest. In response to electrical signals they open briefly, allowing ions to flow though, then rapidly close again. When the pH falls, however, the mutant sodium ion channels tended to pop back open, delaying the cells' recovery after a burst of activity. In the heart, changes like this are known to increase the risk for abnormal rhythms and sudden death.

Fortunately, a drug called Mexiletine, used to treat patients with arrhythmias, blocks late re-openings of sodium channels at low levels that do not interfere with normal function. Goldstein and colleagues found that the drug restored normal function in cells with two copies of the Y1103 channels even under acid conditions.

Although, the authors note, this study supports a role of Y1103 in SIDS, and the previous use of Mexiletine by patients with arrhythmias "suggests a strategy for prophylactic therapy," they stress that their results "need to be replicated and the risks and benefits of treatment assessed" before screening programs are designed or drugs given to infants at risk to prevent SIDS.

Source: University of Chicago Medical Center, 2005
 
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