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Brain abnormality found in Alzheimer's disease related to gait impairment in older persons

A study, published in the Annals of Neurology, found that neurofibrillary tangles in the substantia nigra, a part of the brain that is subject to cell loss in Parkinson's disease, are associated with gait impairment in older persons with and without dementia.

Neurofibrillary tangles are a classic brain abnormality seen in Alzheimer's disease. The more tangle pathology in the substantia nigra, the more impaired the person's gait was before death.

" Older persons without Parkinson's disease often exhibit parkinsonian signs, such as difficulty with walking and balance, slowness in movements, rigidity and tremor," said study author Julie Schneider of the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center. " The mild parkinsonian signs associated with aging have been historically viewed simply as an expected sign of aging rather than a disease process. Previous studies have shown that at least one of these signs, gait impairment, has harmful effects in older persons, and our current study suggests why this may be the case."

The study included 86 autopsied subjects from the Religious Orders Study, a longitudinal clinical-pathological study of aging and dementia. Participants of the Religious Orders Study are older Catholic clergy who enroll without known dementia and agree to annual follow-up and brain donation at death.

The study included persons with and without dementia but excluded people with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
Though less than half of the subjects had dementia, the study found nearly 78 percent of test subjects had neurofibrillary tangles in the substantia nigra.
Annual neurological examinations included an assessment of parkinsonian signs using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale.
All 86 persons had at least some evidence of parkinsonian signs before death. Gait was the most severely affected domain followed by bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor.

The study looked at the relationship between nigra tangles and each parkinsonian sign. It found that every 1,000 nigra tangles increased the gait score by more than three points.
In contrast, nigra tangles were not related to bradykinesia, rigidity, or tremor.
The relationship between substantia nigra tangles and gait impairment was found in persons with and without dementia.

" This study shows that the spectrum of Alzheimer's disease is broader than we thought and may be more common than previously recognized. Alzheimer's disease doesn't just cause memory and cognitive problems, it is also causing motor problems in aging," says Schneider.

" Gait problems in older people should not simply be passed over as a sign of aging. Physicians should be aware that this could be a possible early sign of Alzheimer's disease."

Source: Rush University Medical Center, 2006