Father's Genes Can Trigger Preeclampsia

A father's genes may contribute to his partner's risk of preeclampsia, the dangerously high blood pressure condition that can occur in pregnancy, a Norwegian-American study has found.

It's been known that women born after a pregnancy affected by preeclampsia are at increased risk of experiencing the condition in their own pregnancies. Now, a study of more than 700,000 births in Norway shows that men born after such a pregnancy have a moderately increased risk of fathering a child where the complication occurs, as well, according to a report in the Sept. 15 online issue of the British Medical Journal.

"Clinicians can look at the risk shown in the paper, and see if it is useful in assessing the risk for a woman who has a family history of preeclampsia," said Dr. Allen Wilcox, a senior investigator at the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, who collaborated on the study.

Preeclampsia occurs in about 5 percent of births, affecting 200,000 U.S. pregnancies every year. Abnormally high blood pressure can cut the blood supply of the placenta, which provides food and oxygen to the fetus, potentially causing low birth weight and other problems. The only available treatment is quick delivery of the baby.

The study found that the daughters of women who had preeclampsia during pregnancy had twice the normal risk of having the condition in their pregnancies, as earlier studies have shown. But it also found a 50 percent risk of the condition in pregnancies fathered by men who were born under the same conditions.

"The father's gene is what is contributing to preeclampsia," explained study author Dr. Rolv Skjaerven, an epidemiologist at the University of Bergen. "He has no way he can influence this pregnancy other than by a genetic mechanism."

The genetic link was especially important for severe cases of preeclampsia, which can be fatal to the fetus. The incidence of severe cases of the condition was tripled in pregnancies involving women who were born after preeclamptic pregnancies and nearly doubled for men, the study found.

"Doctors should be aware that these kinds of hazards can result in such cases," Skjaerven said.

The genetic risk can run throughout a family, the study found. Sisters of affected men or women faced double the normal risk of the condition in their pregnancies, even if the condition was not present when they were born.

But the risk for brothers in such cases was not increased, the study found. This suggests that susceptibility can pass from mother to daughter but not mother to son, the researchers said.

"This kind of thinking is new," Skjaerven said. "There have not been previous studies that had this kind of population data."

More information

Find out more about preeclampsia from the Preeclampsia Foundation.

Sexism May Shorten Men's Lives: Study

September 15, 2005 08:40:42 PM PST

British researchers analyzed rates of female murders and male death rates from all causes in 51 countries in Europe, Asia, Australasia, and North and South America. The prevalence of violence against women was used to indicate the extent of patriarchal control in each of the countries. Socioeconomic factors were also taken into consideration.

The study found that women lived longer than men in all 51 countries. The study also found that those countries with higher rates of female murders (indicating higher levels of patriarchy) also had higher rates for male death and shorter male life expectancies, compared to countries with lower female murder rates, the researchers said.

In fact, statistical analysis showed that variations between countries in rates of violence against women accounted for close to half (49 percent) of the variation in male death rates, the researchers noted.

"Our data suggest that oppression and exploitation harm the oppressors as well as those they oppress," researchers at the University of Liverpool concluded.

They noted that the higher death rate and shorter life expectancy among men is "a preventable social condition, which can potentially be tackled through global social policy."

For example, changes can be made in the way that young males are socialized into patriarchal gender roles, such as the emphasis on risk taking, aggression and suppression of emotions, the researchers said.

The findings appear in the current issue of the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

More information

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offers these men's health tips.