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Diabetes has an effect on the heart and arteries equivalent to ageing 15 years, new research has shown.
People with diabetes fell into the high-risk category for cardiovascular disease (CVD) 15 years earlier than those without the condition, scientists found.
They were also up to four times more likely to have CVD than healthy individuals. A team led by Dr Gillian Booth, from the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences in Toronto, Canada, assessed the age at which people with diabetes develop a high risk of CVD. The study took in the bulk of the population of Ontario, Canada, consisting of 379,000 people with diabetes and nine million without the disease. Any cardiovascular event, such as a stroke or heart attack, occurring between April 1994 and March 2000 was recorded.
The findings, published today in The Lancet medical journal, clearly show that diabetes led to earlier CVD. Diabetic men and women were about 15 years younger than those without diabetes in the same high risk category.
Rates of fatal and non-fatal heart attacks, strokes, and other CVD events were used to assess risk.
For diabetic men, the change from moderate to high risk took place at about the age of 48. For diabetic women, the switch occurred at 54. When cardiovascular procedures such as bypass surgery were included, the transition took place at age 41 in men and 48 in women with diabetes. "Middle-aged and older people with diabetes seem on average to be at high risk of CVD, thus aggressive risk-reduction strategies are warranted for them," said Dr Booth.
"Appropriate thresholds for younger people with diabetes are less clear. At least in the short term, many individuals with diabetes who are younger than 40 years seem to have a low to moderate absolute risk of CVD. Age should be taken into account in targeting of risk reduction in people with diabetes."
Cathy Ross, cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation said: "This research supports existing evidence that diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. With current trends suggesting that by 2010 there will be nearly 3 million diabetics in the UK, it is never too early to think about your heart health.
"Men with diabetes are two to four times more likely to develop coronary heart disease (CHD) and women three to five times more likely."
She added: "Furthermore, having diabetes can worsen other risk factors associated with CHD such as raised blood pressure, cholesterol and obesity.
"You can reduce your own risk of developing diabetes by maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly and limiting the amount of sugar and fat in your diet."
