[BOOK] What's the Matter with Kansas?: How Conservatives Won the Heart of America -
T Frank - 2005 - books.google.com
... "The year's most prescient political book." ?Frank Rich, The New York Times HOW
CONSERVATIVES WON THE HEART OF AMERICA THOMAS FRANK WITH A NEW AFTERWORD ...

[BOOK] … Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease: The Only System Scientifically Proven to Reverse Heart …
D Ornish - 1991 - Ballantine Books

[PDF] ENRON: COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF FRENCH STUDENTS PERCEPTION OF THE COLLAPSE -
N Chabrak - commerce.adelaide.edu.au
... variables around which the student?s perception of the Enron collapse is ... of concepts
to whom a variable is directly or indirectly linked (Cossette, 1994). ...

[BOOK] The Heart Aroused: Poetry and the Preservation of the Soul in Corporate America
D Whyte - 1996 - Currency

… and Corporate Governance of European Listed Countries: EU Policy Developments Before and After Enron -
IP Dewing, PO Russell - Journal of Common Market Studies, 2004 - Blackwell Synergy
... second, not limited to the EU, is linked to continued ... the as so ci at ed post-Enron
communication (EC ... govern- ance arrangements are at the heart of differences ...

[PDF] Internationally Agreed Principles for Corporate Governance and the Enron Case -
A Cornford - Draft manuscript, 2003 - g24.org
... Lack of transparency was at the heart of the breakdown of corporate ... SPEs were also
employed by Enron as part of hedges of exposures linked to its ...

What Caused Enron?: A Capsule Social and Economic History of the 1990's -
JC COFFEE JR - papers.ssrn.com
... became obsessed with earnings, see Jeffrey N. Gordon, What Enron Means for the ... in
effect, to misappropriate it from future periods) seems linked to another ...

[BOOK] Enron: The Rise and Fall -
L Fox - 2003 - books.google.com
... the explanation. Because the Enron story was much larger than just Lay.
The heart of the story, of coutse, is Enron. The company ...

The Enron Decision: Closing the Fraud-Free Zone on Errant Gatekeepers
GJ AGUIRRE - Delaware Journal of Corporate Law - papers.ssrn.com
447 THE ENRON DECISION: CLOSING THE FRAUD-FREE ZONE ON ERRANT GATEKEEPERS? ... 3 Enron
insiders received $1.1 billion for stock sold from 1999 through mid-2001. ...

[BOOK] Following the Money: The Enron Failure and the State of Corporate Disclosure -
G Benston - 2003 - books.google.com
Page 1. I (J11UW The Enron Failure and the State of Corporate Disclosure (jcoiw
Houston. ... Thi sOne Page 5. Following the Money The Enron Failure and the State of ...

Enron Founder's Death Linked to Heart Disease

July 6, 2006 04:03:13 PM PST
By Amanda Gardner
HealthDay Reporter

THURSDAY, July 6 (HealthDay News) -- Although stress undoubtedly contributed to Enron Corp. founder Kenneth Lay's heart-attack death Wednesday, heart disease was the main culprit, according to the initial autopsy report.

"What he'd been going through undoubtedly played a role in his premature death at age 64," said Dr. Redford Williams, director of the Behavioral Medicine Research Center at Duke University Medical Center and co-author of Anger Kills.

However, Williams added, "when people under major current life stresses die suddenly, in virtually all cases there is underlying atherosclerosis."

In Lay's case, stress was no small matter. The former CEO was facing a lengthy prison term after being convicted in May on fraud and conspiracy charges linked to Enron's 2001 collapse. The scandal had cost investors billions of dollars, and thousands of people their jobs.

But Lay, who was at his vacation home in Aspen, Colo., when he was stricken, also had a little-publicized history of heart problems. He died of "severe coronary-artery disease," a condition characterized by clogged arteries, according to the Mesa County coroner, as reported by the Rocky Mountain News.

And ABC News reported that Lay had already suffered heart attacks, and had portable heart defibrillators in his houses and on his plane. He had been taking statins to lower his cholesterol, and, about five years ago, his doctors inserted a stent, apparently as a preventive measure. All these medical details of one prominent man's death could help ease the public perception that stress by itself could bring on a fatal heart attack.

But less spectacular stress than what Lay experienced is known to take its toll. One recent British study found that men with chronic work stress were twice as likely to develop metabolic syndrome as those reporting no work stress. Women with work stress were also more likely to develop the syndrome, but there were only a few of them in the study. Metabolic syndrome is a collection of cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels.

And new U.S. research has found that job loss doubles the risk of heart attack or stroke for workers in their 50s and 60s. People over 50 who had been laid off were more than twice as likely to suffer a heart attack or stroke during the study period, compared with those who kept their jobs, the researchers found. Both heart attacks and cardiac arrest have been linked to stress, although there is more documentation on the former, said Dr. Nieca Goldberg, chief of women's cardiac care at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City.

People who are chronically stressed have higher heart rates and blood pressure, and they also release the hormone cortisol, which has been implicated in depositing fat around the middle of the body. Depression, too, is considered a risk factor for heart disease, possibly because blood platelets are "stickier" in depressed people and more likely to cause blood clots.

Stress can also cause damage before heart disease is present, Williams said. Studies have found that people who exhibited indicators of stress or anger-prone personalities during their college years were more likely to develop heart disease, as well as to die from any cause by the time they reached 50. At that midpoint, 14 percent were dead in the stressed group, compared to only

Calcium Supplements Help Curb Weight Gain in Middle Age

A new study finds that calcium may do double duty in middle age, building bone strength while helping prevent weight gain.

Calcium supplements seem to have the greatest impact on maintaining weight, and may even aid weight loss. Supplementation seemed to benefit women even more than men, noted researchers at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle.

The study was funded by grants from the U.S. National Cancer Institute.

Reporting in the July issue of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, the researchers followed 10,000 men and women in their mid-50s for between eight and 10 years. Dietary calcium and supplemental calcium intakes, as well as total calcium consumption, were studied and analyzed and compared to weight loss or gain throughout the study period.

Although previous research had examined a similar link, those studied the relationships between dietary calcium and weight rather than supplements.

The Seattle team noted that while "dietary calcium alone had no significant effect on 10-year weight change," women who received calcium supplementation did tend to experience some weight loss.

"Although more evidence from randomized clinical trials is needed before calcium supplements can be recommended specifically for weight loss, this study suggests that calcium supplements taken for other reasons (e.g., prevention of osteoporosis) may have a small beneficial influence on reducing weight gain, particularly among women approaching midlife," the study authors wrote in a prepared statement.

Another study, published in the same journal, examined the relationship between education and nutritional advice.

The study found that adults over age 50 with less than four years of college education turn to their doctors, neighbors and their television for nutritional advice and information more often than their better-educated peers do.

"Education level, more than any other socioeconomic factor, can predict disease risk, health behavior patterns and diet quality," researchers at the USDA Human Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, said in a prepared statement. "It has been suggested that one reason higher education promotes more healthful diets is that better-educated people may get better nutrition information," they said.

More information

The Mayo Clinic has more information on choosing a calcium supplement.