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Liver: Breakthrough made in treatment

A breakthrough in Acute Liver Failure (ALF) treatment, developed by an Indo-Japan joint research project, was presented at the recently concluded 4th Annual meeting of the International Society for Stem Cells Research, held at Toronto, Canada. Well received and acclaimed by more than two thousand participants of the conference, the presentation on the novel method for treating acute liver failure made by Dr C M Habibullah of the Centre for Liver Research and Diagnosis, (CLRD) and Dr Samuel JK Abraham of Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), an Indo-Japan joint venture institute based at Chennai, caught the attention of the stem cell research community all over the world.

        Acute Liver Failure (ALF) affect thousands of patients in India every year, and there has been no definitive treatment available for such conditions except a temporary rescue procedure which is available only in a handful of centres in the country or the orthotopic liver transplantation, which is highly technical and very expensive, yet giving only a 60 per cent success rate.

        The team came out with an idea of using the foetal liver (taken from aborted fetuses) in treating the diseases with successful outcome. But due to shortage of the foetal liver, the team stumbled upon a novel approach of using TGP encapsulated hepatocytes to overcome that obstacle. 'We have proven that the expansion of the foetal liver substance in vitro (in the laboratory) and prolonging its life and functional capability in vivo (inside the body) is possible using our technology in animal models. When this same principle can be applied to patients, this could save thousands of patients in India who suffer from Acute Liver Failure, if they come to the hospital early', says Dr Samuel JK Abraham, Director of NCRM.

        The team's research revealed that acute liver failure could be treated much effectively using hepatocytes encapsulated in a Thermoreversible Gelation Polymer. The Thermogelation Polymer based cell culture technology, developed by Yuichi Mori and Dr Hiroshi Yoshioka - both from Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, was applied in this research.

        This is the first time in the world that a non biological (totally synthetic) material was used as a substrate to grow (cultivate) human foetal hepatic cells, cell lines and tissues including stem cells thereby paving a way for avoiding biological materials for this purpose and avoiding viral and other dangerous known and unknown contaminations in such biological materials as well as chances of rejections.