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New advances in skin cancer research offer hope of finding preventive treatment
NEW YORK: Genetic research on skin cancer made great strides last month with two separate teams of researchers reporting significant progress.
In one, Italian scientists Maria Teresa Landi of the national cancer Institute (NCI) traced a higher risk of skin cancer to a variation of the skin-cell component melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R). This gene can be either standard form or a variant. Landi identified certain variants, the presence of which was linked with a higher risk of developing melanoma or skin cancer.
The researcher observed that fair-skinned people have a greater risk of developing this type of cancer. She said her observations considered the fact that MC1R was primarily responsible for skin color or pigmentation, freckles and blonde hair. Her study revealed that the gene could do much more.
She hypothesized that the gene “generates more chemical reagents” when exposed to ultra-violet light.
Her team did not analyze the process involved and she said more research is required to be able to “develop preventive action and treatment".
In another study conducted in Boston, a team from the Dana-Faber Cancer Institute, led by researcher Lynda Chin, identified the gene responsible for spreading the life-threatening variant of skin cancer.
The gene named NEDD9 creates protein which allows cancer cells to spread from a skin tumor to surrounding tissues and ultimately to affect vital organs. The process known as metastasizing is the migration of the cancer cells from an affected part of the body to other organs. The findings are significant according to Chin “because primary skin melanoma doesn't kill patients – metastases are the major problem”.
Chin also emphasized the need for research to understand the processes involved in metastases. Progress in this direction would result in better targeted therapy and possibly even “preventing metastasis” she said.
Her report was published in the latest issue of Cell while Landi's study was published in the latest edition of the journal Science - online version.
