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A high-protein diet prized by many celebrities for helping them stay slim may harm the kidneys, it emerged yesterday.
Up to a third of adults may have a mild and undetected kidney problem which is aggravated by following a diet rich in protein, doctors have found.
Eating a diet which contains large amounts of meat, fish and eggs may overload the kidneys, they say.
Their discovery comes as the Atkins diet grows in popularity, particularly with young women trying to emulate svelte celebrities such as singer Geri Halliwell and Friends star Jennifer Aniston.
Devotees follow a high-protein, low-carbohydrate eating plan. Most normal balanced diets contain only about 15 per cent protein.
But Atkins followers are allowed to eat unlimited meat, eggs, fish and shellfish. Carbohydrates such as bread, potatoes and pasta are eaten only in strictly small amounts.
Nutritionists have expressed concern about the long-term effects of missing out on roughage supplied by carbohydrates, as well as fears over cholesterol and kidney function.
The latest study is the first to show a link between eating a high- protein diet and an acceleration in kidney problems.
The findings, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, follow an 11-year study of 1,624 women aged 42 to 68 by doctors at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, Massachusetts.
Some 489 were found to have a mild kidney insufficiency, meaning those organs failed to work as well as they should.
The figures suggest that a third of the adult population could suffer minor kidney problems. They may exhibit no symptoms.
Experts found that in women with mild kidney insufficiency, a prolonged high-protein diet was 'significantly associated' with a decline in kidney function.
Women with normal organ function were not affected.
Proteins have to be broken down by the body into amino acids, and waste products filtered out of the bloodstream and excreted.
It is thought that eating too much protein can put a strain on the body's ability to deal with waste products, particularly in people who are already suffering a kidney insufficiency.
Patients who develop severe kidney problems may need dialysis and, eventually, an organ transplant.
Lead researcher Eric Knight said: 'The potential effects of dietary protein consumption on renal function on persons with mild renal insufficiency have important public health implications, given the prevalence of high-protein diets.'
Last night Elizabeth Ward, founder of the British Kidney Patient Association, said: 'There has been some concern about these high protein diets, and it is true that many people may have a mild kidney problem without realising there is anything wrong.
'Our advice would be to go to the doctor and get properly assessed before embarking on one of these diets.'
Sarah Stanner, of the British Nutrition Foundation, added: 'We have been worried for some time by the possible effects of high-protein diets.
'Apart from the fact that they involve excluding a major food group, there has been debate about the risks to kidney health, because of the effect of eating so much protein.'
Dr Atkins began formulating his low- carbohydrate, highprotein eating plan in the 1960s and finally published it more than a decade ago.
Since then, the diet has become a worldwide phenomenon. His book, Dr Atkins' New Diet Revolution, has sold more than ten million copies, becoming one of the best sellers of all time.
The 72-year-old believes highcarbohydrate eating regimes increase the release of insulin, which encourages fat deposits.
The knock- on effects of eating more protein have been felt by the pasta industry, which has seen sales fall due to so- called 'macaroni malaise' caused partially by a fixation with not eating too many carbohydrates.
While Dr Atkins has made millions from his books, he says the lion's share of his fortune comes from food supplements marketed at followers of his diet.
THE ATKINS DIET - a typical daily menu
The diet bans starchy foods, such as bread, pasta, potatoes and rice, for two weeks and then allows people to slowly re-introduce them, eating only 20g carbohydrate a day.
Fruit and alcohol is banned for two weeks. It forbids junk food, drinks containing caffeine, cakes and biscuits.
Breakfast
Bacon and eggs, herbal tea, water
Lunch
Large steak and salad. Selection of cheeses
Dinner Salmon fillet in cream sauce, steamed vegetables. Yoghurt or cheese
