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New Pill will eliminate menstruation

 A new Pill promises a lifestyle revolution for women by eliminating periods and offering the prospect of an end to premenstrual syndrome. The oral contraceptive is the first in the world designed to do away with menstruation completely.

It raises the prospect of women being able to simply pop a Pill every single day to avoid having periods for many years. Experts say it is likely to be seized on by career women who want to avoid the inconvenience of periods because of their busy lifestyles.

It should also appeal to the millions who battle with premenstrual symptoms such as mood swings, as the makers say it can prevent hormonal fluctuations each month. The new contraceptive is a combined Pill, which means it contains both oestrogen and progestogen., which is by far the most common type in the UK.

Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, its U.S.-based manufacturer, claims it is safe and does not do any permanent damage to a woman's fertility. However critics warned that oral contraceptives raise the risk of blood clots and breast cancer.

They said continuous exposure to hormones might increase these risks and make it harder to spot potential health problems.

Normally a woman takes the Pill for 21 days and then stops, or takes a dummy tablet, for seven days. During this time she gets a monthly bleed, normally much lighter than a natural one.

The new Pill, called Anya, is the first designed to be taken 365 days a year without a break.

There is no medical reason why women cannot take the existing Pill without a break.

However, when the oral contraceptive was launched in the 1960s it was thought retaining an element of the monthly cycle would help make it more acceptable to women.

Surveys in the 1970s reinforced that belief as women said it made the process feel normal.

But since then attitudes have changed, prompting Wyeth to create the first Pill designed to be taken continuously. There is actually little chemical change in the new Pill although the dose will be varied so it can be taken non-stop.

Wyeth hopes it will go on sale in the U.S. next year and across the EU several months later. Analysts believe it could generate £170million in worldwide sales each year.

Research found 71 per cent of women stopped having any bleeding after taking it for seven months.

With existing Pills, women can still get occasional bleeding even on the days when they take the contraceptive.

Women with a history of premenstrual syndrome who took the new Pill also had fewer symptoms, according to research presented at the American Society for Reproductive Medicine in Montreal. Applications to market the Pill have been filed with U.S. regulators the Food and Drug Administration and with authorities in Finland.

The Finnish application is a fasttrack to getting approval from the European Medicines Agency whose approval, once granted, is valid for other EU member states.

A spokesman for New Jerseybased Wyeth, one of the world's biggest pharmaceutical companies, said the main aim of the Pill was to prevent pregnancy, but it should also help stop hormonal fluctuations and enable some women to eliminate monthly bleeding.

"It is an important evolution for oral contraception and should present women with additional options," she said.

Melissa Dear of the fpa, formerly the Family Planning Association, said: "It is safe to suppress menstruation and I would have thought some women would jump at the chance of it. Others will still want the reassurance of a monthly bleed."

She said the Pill could also help cut unplanned pregnancies, as many are caused by women failing to restart taking their Pill on time after a break.

But Dr Ellen Grant, whose research since the 1960s has raised concerns about the Pill, said oral contraceptives can raise the risk of cancer, blood clots and depression.

She added that many women on the Pill only experience warning signs of problems during their withdrawal bleed.

Wyeth said that of 2,000 women who took the new Pill for a study, just six had serious side effects such as prolonged bleeding or blood clots. How it breaks the cycle

Like any other Pill, the new one avoids pregnancy by stopping ovulation, preventing eggs being released by copying the hormonal state of pregnancy.

Numerous studies show this does not harm a woman's fertility because when she stops taking the Pill, ovulation resumes.

Each month a woman's body normally prepares for pregnancy by building up the lining of the womb. However if the egg is unfertilised, the lining is shed in the process of menstruation. Because the Pill stops ovulation, the womb lining does not build up in the normal way.

The 'withdrawal bleed' a woman gets when she takes a seven-day break from the Pill is in fact triggered simply by the sudden drop in hormones.

However in the case of the new Pill, because there is no break there is no trigger for this process and the lining remains without causing any problem to the woman.