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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: new + 2006 + pst  Related to the article below (Last Update: 8/4/2008)

Friendster Closes $20 Million Round; Focuses on Asia Now; New CEO
paidContent.org, CA - 58 minutes ago
By Rafat Ali - Mon 04 Aug 2008 10:26 PM PST Friendster has closed its new round of funding, in progress for most of this year, and it is a big one: it has ...

paidContent.org
CAA Forms Sports Media Rollup Venture; Chris Bevilacqua As CEO
paidContent.org, CA - 9 minutes ago
By Rafat Ali - Mon 04 Aug 2008 10:51 PM PST CAA is making its biggest bet on sports media, yet, and has formed a new unit called CAA Sports Media Venture, ...PINK:SPTS
citizen journalism,
CNET News, CA - Jul 10, 2008
By Caroline McCarthy ? January 30, 2008 9:36 AM PST Post a comment Social-news company Loomia announced Wednesday that it has launched a new application ...
Western Reports Second Quarter 2008, Results Reflect Continued ...
Stockhouse, Canada - Jul 30, 2008
On Friday, August 1, 2008, Western Forest Products Inc. will host a teleconference call at 10:00 am PST (1:00 pm EST). To participate in the teleconference ...TSE:WEF
M?TLEY CR?E 'Saints Of Los Angeles Day' Announced In Band's Honor ...
Blabbermouth.net, NY - Jul 31, 2008
M?TLEY CR?E hits the stage August 1 at 9:30 pm PST. As with any concert, tickets are limited so reserve your seat today! Fans can pick up their free ticket ...
MOT?RHEAD: Audio Samples Of Entire 'Mot?rizer' Album Available ...
Blabbermouth.net, NY - Aug 1, 2008
COM Monday nights between 7 and 9 pm PST (and again on Sunday mornings between 7 and 9 am). Lemmy was interviewed on July 3, 2008 in Berlin, Germany about ...
UFC Announces Remaining Bouts For UFC 87: Seek and Destroy
MMAFrenzy.com, PA - Jul 29, 2008
UFC 87: SEEK AND DESTROY is available live on pay-per-view at 10 pm EST/7 pm PST on iN DEMAND, DIRECTV, DISH Network, TVN, Bell ExpressVu, ...
Tokyo Police Club Adds New Tour Dates
Top40-Charts.com, NY - Jul 15, 2008
The show will air at 8PM EST/PST. The band has added a few new tour dates, including stops at the Monolith, Treasure Island and Voodoo Music Festivals. ...
Noble Financial Announces Presenting Company Roster for its ...
MarketWatch - Jul 24, 2008
Four tracts of presentations will run simultaneously in 30-minute intervals beginning at 8:30am PST on the 18th and run through to 5:00pm; each company ...
ATHEIST Frontman To Guest On VM UNDEGROUND Today - July 30, 2008
Blabbermouth.net, NY - Jul 30, 2008
... at 5:00 pm PST / 8:00 pm EST. This will be Shaefer's first interview since ATHEIST announced that it will record its first new material in 15 years. ...
Source: Google News

Biomarker and drug-target discovery using proteomics in a new rat model of sepsis-induced acute … -
… , MT Gladwin, SM Hewitt, PST Yuen, RA Star - Kidney International, 2006 - pt.wkhealth.com
... Kidney International: Volume 70(3) August 2006 pp 496-506. Biomarker and drug-target
discovery using proteomics in a new rat model of sepsis-induced acute renal ...

The Industrial Organization of Congress; or, Why Legislatures, Like Firms, Are Not Organized as … -
BR Weingast, WJ Marshall - The Journal of Political Economy, 1988 - UChicago Press
Friday (March 7th 2008) starting at 3pm PST/6pm EST we will initiate a scheduled
site outage in order to upgrade the Chicago Journals ... (2006) A NEW THEORY OF ...

Equity and Disconfirmation Perceptions as Influences on Merchant and Product Satisfaction -
RL Oliver, JE Swan - Journal of Consumer Research, 1989 - UChicago Press
Friday (March 7th 2008) starting at 3pm PST/6pm EST we will initiate a scheduled
site outage in order to ... New Directions for Evaluation 2006:111, 95 ...

Consumer Learning: Advertising and the Ambiguity of Product Experience -
SJ Hoch, YW Ha - Journal of Consumer Research, 1986 - UChicago Press
Friday (March 7th 2008) starting at 3pm PST/6pm EST we will initiate a ... (2006) Stuck
in the Past: Why Managers Persist with New Product Failures. ...

Collection, storage, preservation, and normalization of human urinary exosomes for biomarker … -
H Zhou, PST Yuen, T Pisitkun, PA Gonzales, H … - Kidney International, 2006 - pt.wkhealth.com
... revised 20 December 2005; accepted 12 January 2006; published online 22 February
2006. ... New urinary biomarkers will likely help speed the laboratory and clinical ...

Exosomal Fetuin-A identified by proteomics: A novel urinary biomarker for detecting acute kidney … -
H Zhou, T Pisitkun, A Aponte, PST Yuen, JD Hoffert … - Kidney International, 2006 - pt.wkhealth.com
... Biomarker and drug target discovery using proteomics in a new rat model of
sepsis-induced acute renal failure. Kidney Int 2006; 70: 496-506. ...

Becoming a Consumer Society: A Longitudinal and Cross-Cultural Content Analysis of Print Ads from … -
DK Tse, RW Belk, N Zhou - Journal of Consumer Research, 1989 - UChicago Press
Friday (March 7th 2008) starting at 3pm PST/6pm EST we will initiate a scheduled
site outage in order to ... (2006) Assessing new product potential in an ...

A General Equilibrium Entrepreneurial Theory of Firm Formation Based on Risk Aversion -
RE Kihlstrom, JJ Laffont - The Journal of Political Economy, 1979 - UChicago Press
Friday (March 7th 2008) starting at 3pm PST/6pm EST we will initiate a scheduled
site outage in order to upgrade the Chicago ... (2006) The New Venture Decision ...

Cultural Beliefs and the Organization of Society: A Historical and Theoretical Reflection on … -
A Greif - Journal of Political Economy, 1994 - UChicago Press
Friday (March 7th 2008) starting at 3pm PST/6pm EST we will initiate a scheduled
site outage in order to upgrade the ... (2006) Why We Need a New Theory of ...

State versus Action Orientation and the Theory of Reasoned Action: An Application to Coupon Usage -
RP Bagozzi, H Baumgartner, Y Yi - Journal of Consumer Research, 1992 - UChicago Press
Friday (March 7th 2008) starting at 3pm PST/6pm EST we will ... (2006) Assessing the
impact of entrepreneurship education programmes: a new methodology. ...

Source: Google Scholar
 
 

Research Suggests New Treatment Approaches For Glaucoma

Article Date: 11 Dec 2006 - 0:00am (PST)
New research from Children's Hospital Boston and the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI) may help explain how glaucoma causes blindness, revealing the chain of cellular and molecular events that ultimately damage the optic nerve, preventing visual information from traveling from the eye to the brain. The study, done in mice, indicates possible targets for intervention, including an inflammatory molecule called tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which is already targeted by some existing drugs.

"These findings give a whole new approach to thinking about glaucoma therapy," says Joan Miller, MD, chief of Ophthalmology at the MEEI and a coauthor of the study, which will appear online December 6 in the Journal of Neuroscience.

Glaucoma affects an estimated 3 million Americans, and it's speculated that an equal number of people are affected but undiagnosed. The disease is six to eight times more common in African-Americans (in whom it is the leading cause of blindness) than in Caucasians, and six times more common in people over age 60 than in younger people. The primary risk factor for glaucoma is increased pressure in the eye, measured by the familiar "puff" test and other screening examinations. If glaucoma is diagnosed early, eyedrops or surgery to lower intraocular pressure can often prevent further optic-nerve damage and halt vision loss. However, it has not been understood how the increased pressure leads to optic-nerve damage.

Article continues below and (thank you)
 
Working in a mouse model, lead author Toru Nakazawa, MD, PhD of Children's and MEEI, senior author Larry Benowitz, PhD of Children's Neurobiology Program and Department of Neurosurgery, and Miller and colleagues at the MEEI, made several key observations. They showed that:

1) elevated intraocular pressure causes levels of TNF-alpha to increase in the retina;

2) the rise in TNF-alpha activates microglia, cells that comprise part of the eye's immune system;

3) the activated microglia kill many of the optic nerve's oligodendrocytes (support cells that produce and maintain myelin, the insulating coating on nerve fibers);

4) retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the nerve cells in the eye that send visual information to the brain via the optic nerve, subsequently die off, consistent with previous research establishing that oligodendrocyte loss leads to the death of RGCs.

"The end stage of glaucoma is a loss of retinal ganglion cells," says Benowitz. "We now have good evidence that TNF-alpha plays an essential role in this loss."

When TNF-alpha was injected directly into the eyes of mice with normal intraocular pressure, the same chain of events occurred: microglia were activated, oligodendrocytes died off, and RGCs were lost. But none of these events occurred in genetically engineered mice that were unable to produce TNF-alpha (or its cellular receptor, TNFR2), even when intraocular pressure was raised.

Moreover, the researchers showed - for the first time - that blocking TNF-alpha's action with an antibody prevented loss of oligodendrocytes and RGCs when intraocular pressure was raised. In addition, genetically engineered mice that were unable to activate microglia (lacking the CD11b genes) enjoyed similar protection when intraocular pressure or TNF-alpha levels were raised.

"In the clinic, lowering intraocular pressure is a reliable treatment for glaucoma, but sometimes it is hard to lower the pressure even after eyedrop treatment or surgery," says Nakazawa, now at Tohoku University in Japan. "Here we show that blocking TNF-alpha function may have a benefit as a neuroprotective treatment."

Drugs that inhibit TNF-alpha - including monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors that soak TNF-alpha up and remove it from action - already exist and have been used to treat other inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, the researchers note.

"These drugs have potent systemic effects, so we'd want to develop a very safe long term and local treatment," says Miller. "Theoretically, it might be possible to put slow-release TNF alpha inhibitors just outside the eye, so you wouldn't have to have frequent injections."

Blockade of downstream microglial activation with anti-inflammatory agents might represent another therapeutic strategy, adds Benowitz.

The study was supported by an Alcon Research Award, a Bausch & Lomb Vitreoretinal Fellowship, the National Institutes of Health and the National Eye Institute.

For background information on glaucoma, visit:

http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts.asp http://www.glaucoma.org/ http://www.glaucomafoundation.org/

Children's Hospital Boston is home to the world's largest research enterprise based at a pediatric medical center, where its discoveries have benefited both children and adults since 1869. More than 500 scientists, including eight members of the National Academy of Sciences, 11 members of the Institute of Medicine and 10 members of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute comprise Children's research community. Founded as a 20-bed hospital for children, Children's Hospital Boston today is a 347-bed comprehensive center for pediatric and adolescent health care grounded in the values of excellence in patient care and sensitivity to the complex needs and diversity of children and families. Children's also is the primary pediatric teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School.

The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary is an international center for treatment and research and a teaching partner of Harvard Medical School. For more information, call (617) 523-7900 or TDD (617) 523-5498 or visit http://www.meei.harvard.edu.

Children's Hospital Boston
21 Autumn St., 2nd Fl.
Boston, MA 02115
United States
http://www.childrenshospital.org/
 
 
 
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