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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: identified brain + brain + speech  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/13/2008)

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Source: Google News

Human Brain Language Areas Identified by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging -
JR Binder, JA Frost, TA Hammeke, RW Cox, SM Rao, T … - Journal of Neuroscience, 1997 - neuroscience.org
... Language areas identified in a 26-year-old male subject. ... areas in the intact human
brain and to ... task emphasized perceptual analysis of speech sounds ("phonetic ...

FOXP2 expression during brain development coincides with adult sites of pathology in a severe speech … -
CSL Lai, D Gerrelli, AP Monaco, SE Fisher, AJ Copp - Brain, 2003 - pt.wkhealth.com
... FOXP2 expression in sites of pathology identified by brain ... modifications to pre-existing
brain systems, rather ... an integrated explanation of speech and language ...

MRI analysis of an inherited speech and language disorder: structural brain abnormalities. -
KE Watkins, F Vargha-Khadem, J Ashburner, RE … - Brain, 2002 - pt.wkhealth.com
... in advance the regions of the brain that would ... the naive observer, is the
unintelligibility of their speech. ... affected family member can be identified as such ...

Re-examining the brain regions crucial for orchestrating speech articulation. -
AE Hillis, M Work, PB Barker, MA Jacobs, EL Breese … - Brain, 2004 - pt.wkhealth.com
... being associated with the lesion, by examining speech articulation and ... of small stroke;
and (iii) we identified regions of dysfunctional brain tissue, as ...

[BOOK] Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain: 3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to … -
J Talairach, P Tournoux - 1988 - books.google.com
... Elements of the brain that cannot be directly visualized or identified must be
defined in relation to other ana -tomic cerebral structures. ...

Identification of a pathway for intelligible speech in the left temporal lobe -
SK Scott, CC Blank, S Rosen, RJS Wise - Brain, 2000 - Oxford Univ Press
... Bateson Multisensory Integration Sites Identified by Perception of Spatial Wavelet
Filtered Visual Speech Gesture Information J ... Height in the Human Brain Ann. ...

Brain potentials indicate immediate use of prosodic cues in natural speech processing -
K Steinhauer, K Alter, AD Friederici - Nature Neuroscience, 1999 - nature.com
... syntactic parsing preferences, but we also identified a specific ... PJ & Neville, HJ
Natural speech processing: An analysis using event-related brain potentials ...

[BOOK] Descartes'error: emotion, reason, and the human brain
AR Damasio - 1994 - fclass.vaniercollege.qc.ca
... as Gage?s could fail to produce paralysis or speech impair_. ... be traced to the relatively
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Broca aphasia: pathologic and clinical -
JP Mohr - Neurology, 1978 - AAN Enterprises
... Adams Cerebral areas associated with motor control of speech in humans ... Cox, SM Rao,
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A graded task approach to the functional mapping of brain areas implicated in auditory--verbal … -
P Grasby, CD Frith, KJ Friston, J Simpson, PC … - Brain, 1994 - Oxford Univ Press
... Auditory input Speech output Memory task Two word list Three word list Etc. ... On this
basis we propose that the brain areas we have identified are primarily ...

Source: Google Scholar

New brain mechanism identified for interpreting speech

In conversation, humans recognize words primarily from the sounds they hear. However, scientists have long known that what humans perceive goes beyond the sounds and even the sights of speech. The brain actually constructs its own unique interpretation, factoring in both the sights and sounds of speech.

For example, when combining the acoustic patterns of speech with the visual images of the speaker's mouth moving, humans sometimes reconstruct a syllable that is not physically present in either sight or sound. Although this illusion suggests spoken syllables are represented in the brain in a way that is more abstract than the physical patterns of speech, scientists haven't understood how the brain generates abstractions of this sort.

In a study published in the December 20th issue of Neuron, researchers at the University of Chicago identify brain areas responsible for this perception. One of these areas, known as Broca's region, is typically thought of as an area of the brain used for talking rather than listening.

"When the speech sounds do not correspond exactly to the words that are mouthed, the brain often conjures a third sound as an experience – and this experience may often vary from what was actually spoken," explains Uri Hasson, lead author of the study and a post-doctoral scholar at the university's Human Neuroscience Laboratory.

"As an example, what would happen if a person's voice says 'pa,' but the person's lips mouth the word 'ka"' One would think you might hear 'pa' because that is what was said. But in fact, with the conflicting verbal and visual signals, the brain is far more likely to hear 'ta,' an entirely new sound," he explains.

This demonstration is called the McGurk effect (named after Harry McGurk, a developmental psychologist from England who first noticed this phenomenon in the 1970s). In the current study, scientists used functional magnetic resonance imaging (graphic depiction of brain activity) to demonstrate that Broca's region is responsible for the type of abstract speech processing that underlies this effect.

Although we experience speech as a series of words like print on a page, the speech signal is not as clear as print, and must be interpreted rather than simply recognized, Hasson explains.

He says this paper provides a glimpse into how such interpretations are carried out in the brain. These types of interpretations might be particularly important, when the speech sounds are unclear, such as when conversing in a crowded bar, listening to an unfamiliar accent, or coping with hearing loss. "In all these cases, understanding what is said requires interpreting the physical speech signal to determine what is said. And scientists now know the Broca's region is plays a major role in this process."

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The National Institute of Mental Health supported this research (#R01-DC03378). Additional authors include Jeremy Skipper, Howard Nusbaum and Steven Small of the University of Chicago.
 
 
 
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