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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: traffic jams + traffic jam + mathematicians  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/5/2008)

Why is there so much traffic on North Bridge Street?
Chillicothe Gazette, OH -
In Atlanta and Chicago, I learned the true meaning of the phrase "traffic jam." Traffic jams were so long in Atlanta and Chicago you could raise the first ...
Traffic jam on new Hangzhou Bay bridge
CCTV, China - May 3, 2008
However, despite the latest building technology, the swarm of curious visitors has created good old fashioned traffic jams! From 5:00 o'clock in the morning ...
Lack of road sense to blame for accidents
The Post, Pakistan - 55 minutes ago
The continuous traffic jam on the construction sites due to narrow lanes, uneven driving surface and convoluted route diversions caused road users millions ...
Start of Bulgaria's long weekend causes traffic jam at border
Sofia Echo, Bulgaria - May 1, 2008
The start of Bulgaria's long weekend between May 1 - 6 has caused traffic jams on the road and border crossing to Greece as Bulgarians have decided to spend ...
BRT power cut: Traffic cops blamed
Expressindia.com, India - May 4, 2008
This time, it was over a two-hour long power failure on Saturday evening and the resultant traffic jams. between Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit system ...

New York Times
A Place to Play in Traffic at 40 MPH
New York Times, United States - May 2, 2008
So imagine paying good money to join an elbow-to-elbow traffic jam ? indoors, no less. Here in northern Westchester County, on two tracks inside a former ...
Researchers find secret to stickiness
ScienceAlert, Australia - May 4, 2008
An international group of scientists from the UK, Germany, and Australia has discovered the reason why syrup is so sticky by comparing it with traffic jams. ...
Traffic on Bulgarian-Greek border back to normal
Sofia Echo, Bulgaria - May 2, 2008
The traffic jam reached seven km in length at its peak. As reported on May 1, one of the alternative border crossings, Ilinden near Gotse Delchev, ...
Traffic Jam Blocks Trakia Highway after Easter
Sofia News Agency, Bulgaria - Apr 28, 2008
On Saturday, huge traffic jams blocked Bulgaria's motorways with a 12 km long line of cars appearing on the Hemus highway in northern direction. ...
The World's Worst Traffic Jams
TIME - Apr 22, 2008
"Sao Paulo, 7:30 on a Sunday night, and we are in a traffic jam." With more than 20 million people living in the greater metropolitan area, a topography of ...
Source: Google News

Particle hopping models and traffic flow theory -
K Nagel - Physical Review E, 1996 - APS
... it has an interpretation as the maximum average velocity for 0. Mathematicians would
set v max 1; traffic scientists use 1 / jam for the term in parenthesis. ...

A New Kind of Science -
S Wolfram, M Gad-el-Hak - Applied Mechanics Reviews, 2003 - link.aip.org
... flake, a turbulent flow, a lung, a mollusk shell, a traffic jam, an outbreak ... The
mathematics here is often in the form of partial differential field equations ...

Beyond the Centralized Mindset -
M Resnick - The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 1996 - Lawrence Earlbaum
... Although cellular automata are well- suited for computer hackers and mathematicians,
they seem ... each car can be consid- ered a creature and a traffic jam can be ...

The Ergodic Theory of Traffic Jams -
L Gray, D Griffeath - Journal of Statistical Physics, 2001 - Springer
... hole symmetry?? that simplifies the mathematics somewhat. ... region, backward-moving
synchronized jams (Phase 2) emerge at suitable traffic densities, while ...

Global bifurcation investigation of an optimal velocity traffic model with driver reaction time -
G Orosz, RE Wilson, B Krauskopf - Physical Review E, 2004 - APS
... Centre for Applied Nonlinear Mathematics, Department of Engineering Mathematics,
University of ... solutions is widely accepted as a cause of traffic jams [1]. We ...

Traffic and related self-driven many-particle systems -
D Helbing - Reviews of Modern Physics, 2001 - APS
... Some of the questions now understood are the following: Why are vehicles sometimes
stopped by "phantom traffic jams" even though drivers all like to drive fast ...

New paradigms for computing, new paradigms for thinking
M Resnick - Constructionism in practice: Designing, thinking, and …, 1996 - books.google.com
... Turtles, termites and traffic jams: Explorations in massively parallel micro ... Connected
mathematics: Building concrete relationships with mathematical knowledge. ...

Continuum traffic model with the consideration of two delay time scales -
Y Xue, SQ Dai - Physical Review E, 2003 - APS
... The theory of traffic flow is a subject using mathematics and physics to ... the traffic
flows in nonequilibrium states, such as phantom traffic jams or stop-and ...

Stabilization effect of traffic flow in an extended car-following model based on an intelligent … -
HX Ge, SQ Dai, LY Dong, Y Xue - Physical Review E, 2004 - APS
... LY Dong,1 and Y. Xue2 Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics ... The
traffic jam could be thus described by the kink-antikink soliton solution for ...

Synchronized traffic flow from a modified Lighthill-Whitman model -
P Nelson - Physical Review E, 2000 - APS
... the Department of Nuclear Engineering and the Department of Mathematics. ...
traffic-flow patterns and phenomena, including ``wide traffic jams'' 13 , specific ...

Source: Google Scholar

Traffic jam mystery solved by mathematicians

Mathematicians from the University of Exeter have solved the mystery of traffic jams by developing a model to show how major delays occur on our roads, with no apparent cause. Many traffic jams leave drivers baffled as they finally reach the end of a tail-back to find no visible cause for their delay. Now, a team of mathematicians from the Universities of Exeter, Bristol and Budapest, have found the answer and published their findings in leading academic journal Proceedings of the Royal Society.

The team developed a mathematical model to show the impact of unexpected events such as a lorry pulling out of its lane on a dual carriageway. Their model revealed that slowing down below a critical speed when reacting to such an event, a driver would force the car behind to slow down further and the next car back to reduce its speed further still. The result of this is that several miles back, cars would finally grind to a halt, with drivers oblivious to the reason for their delay. The model predicts that this is a very typical scenario on a busy highway (above 15 vehicles per km). The jam moves backwards through the traffic creating a so-called ‘backward travelling wave’, which drivers may encounter many miles upstream, several minutes after it was triggered.

Dr Gábor Orosz of the University of Exeter said: “As many of us prepare to travel long distances to see family and friends over Christmas, we’re likely to experience the frustration of getting stuck in a traffic jam that seems to have no cause. Our model shows that overreaction of a single driver can have enormous impact on the rest of the traffic, leading to massive delays.”

Drivers and policy-makers have not previously known why jams like this occur, though many have put it down to the sheer volume of traffic. While this clearly plays a part in this new theory, the main issue is around the smoothness of traffic flow. According to the model, heavy traffic will not automatically lead to congestion but can be smooth-flowing. This model takes into account the time-delay in drivers’ reactions, which lead to drivers braking more heavily than would have been necessary had they identified and reacted to a problem ahead a second earlier.

Dr Orosz continued: “When you tap your brake, the traffic may come to a full stand-still several miles behind you. It really matters how hard you brake - a slight braking from a driver who has identified a problem early will allow the traffic flow to remain smooth. Heavier braking, usually caused by a driver reacting late to a problem, can affect traffic flow for many miles.”

The research team now plans to develop a model for cars equipped with new electronic devices, which could cut down on over-braking as a result of slow reactions.

 

 

 
 
 
 
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