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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: carnegie mellon + dynamic connectivity + mechanism  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/13/2008)

Researchers automate analysis of protein patterns
Science Centric, Bulgaria - 11 minutes ago
Carnegie Mellon University's Justin Y. Newberg and Robert F. Murphy have developed a software toolbox that is intended to help bioscience researchers ...
Study says casinos cut into bingo profits
Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, PA -
By FA Krift But according to the firefighters who rely on such games of chance to pay bills -- as well as a Carnegie Mellon University research team ...
Laws to allow hands-free use of cell phones while driving will ...
InfoWorld, CA -
According to Dr. Marcel Just, at the time co-director for the Center for Cognitive Brain Imaging in the psychology department at Carnegie Mellon University, ...
Hands-free cell phone law in effect soon abc7news.com
all 2 news articles »
Now, a software toolbox to characterize protein patterns in human ...
Thaindian.com, Thailand - 10 minutes ago
Washington, May 13 (ANI): A software toolbox developed by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University may enable scientists to characterize protein patterns ...
The Last Lecture: Carnegie Mellon Prof Tackles Life and Love
Wired News - Apr 14, 2008
By Loretta Hidalgo Whitesides April 14, 2008 | 2:04:41 PMCategories: Culture, Science Carnegie Mellon Computer Science Professor Randy Pausch's book, ...
Dying professor leaves lessons about what matters most Turkish Daily News (subscription)
Dying CMU Professor Releases New Book, Stays Positive Pittsburgh Channel.com
all 226 news articles »
Carnegie Mellon Team Develops Algorithm That Speeds Up Cellular ...
Cell Based Assay News (subscription), NY - May 9, 2008
By Charlotte LoBuono Researchers at Carnegie Mellon?s Lane Center for Computational Biology recently announced that they have discovered a way to speed up ...
Mystery skylight at Carnegie Mellon might be a Tiffany
Scripps News, DC - May 9, 2008
... on the third floor of Baker Hall, depicts the original logo that stained-glass master Louis Comfort Tiffany designed for Carnegie Mellon University. ...
? Carnegie Mellon ends `K's NCAA run
MLive.com, MI - May 3, 2008
In singles, Portage sophomore Jason Brown pulled out a tough three-setter over Clearfield, 6-4, 2-6, 6-2, but Carnegie Mellon won at Nos. ...
? K-College in NCAA regional semifinals MLive.com
all 4 news articles »
Sustainability Redefined
Spot-On -
On a recent edition of NPR's Science Friday Ira Flatow interviewed Christopher Weber, an assistant research professor at Carnegie Mellon University, ...
Study: VFD Bingos To Fight Losing Battle Against North Shore Casino
Pittsburgh Channel.com, PA -
PITTSBURGH -- A recent Carnegie Mellon University study says that when the Majestic Star Casino opens on Pittsburgh's North Shore, charity bingo will suffer ...
Source: Google News

[PDF] DSR: The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks -
DB Johnson, DA Maltz, J Broch? - Ad Hoc Networking, 2001 - cs.brown.edu
... part of the Monarch Project at Carnegie Mellon University [Johnson ... or use of DHCP
for dynamic assignment [Droms ... be the only way to achieve connectivity to the ...

Making the Connection: Programming With Animated Small World -
W Dann, S Cooper, R Pausch, C Mellon - portal.acm.org
... we argue that making the connection between steps ... 3 Research Group at Carnegie Mellon
University under ... object destruction (eg Destroy), dynamic object creation ...

Abstractions for Software Architecture and Tools to Support Them -
M Shaw, R DeLine, DV Klein, TL Ross, DM Young, G … - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, 1995 - doi.ieeecomputersociety.org
... instructions to a linker, dynamic data structures ... The Software Engineering Institute
at Carnegie Mellon has developed ... to a wide range of connection mechanisms. ...

[PDF] Experiences with Processor Reservation and Dynamic QOS in Real-Time Mach -
C Lee, R Rajkumar, C Mercer - Proceedings of Multimedia Japan, 1996 - cs.cmu.edu
... Mercer Department of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh ... USA
{clee,raj+,cwm@cs.cmu.edu} Abstract ... The dynamic quality control thread is the ...

Abstractions and Implementations for Architectural Connections -
M Shaw, R DeLine, G Zelesnik - Proceedings of the Third International Conference on …, 1996 - doi.ieeecs.org
... Zelesnik Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh ...
http://www.cs.cmu.edu ... as table entries, linker instructions, dynamic data structures ...

Dynamic Load Balancing on Web-Server Systems -
V Cardellini, M Colajanni, PS Yu - 1999 - doi.ieeecomputersociety.org
... tolerance, this approach disallows dynamic load balancing ... Network Dispatcher: A
Connection Router for ... of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, Pa ...

Formalizing architectural connection -
R Allen, D Garlan - Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Software …, 1994 - portal.acm.org
... Department of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh ... us to describe
complex dynamic interactions between ... server connection we might want to say ...

Rainbow: Architecture-Based Self-Adaptation with Reusable Infrastructure -
D Garlan, SW Cheng, AC Huang, B Schmerl, P … - 2004 - doi.ieeecomputersociety.org
... system leave a client dangling without a connection. ... a doctoral candidate at Carnegie
Mellon University ... His research interests include dynamic system adaptation ...

A Formal Basis for Architectural Connection -
R ALLEN, D GARLAN - ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, 1997 - portal.acm.org
... address: School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh ... PA 15213;
email: garlan@cs.cmu.edu ... us to describe complex dynamic interactions among ...

Accessing information on demand at any location. Mobile informationaccess -
M Satyanarayanan - Personal Communications, IEEE [see also IEEE Wireless …, 1996 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
... When connectivity is restored after a network failure, the client ... Trickle Reinteqrotion ?
Trickle reintegration is a mechanism that propagates updates to ...

Source: Google Scholar

Mechanism Of 'Dynamic Connectivity' Described For First Time By Carnegie Mellon, Pitt Researchers
Researchers from the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (CNBC), a joint project of Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh, have for the first time described a mechanism called "dynamic connectivity," in which neuronal circuits are rewired "on the fly" allowing stimuli to be more keenly sensed. The process is described in a paper in the January 2008 issue of Nature Neuroscience, and available online.

This new, biologically inspired algorithm for analyzing the brain at work allows scientists to explain why when we notice a scent, the brain can quickly sort through input and determine exactly what that smell is.

"If you think of the brain like a computer, then the connections between neurons are like the software that the brain is running. Our work shows that this biological software is changed rapidly as a function of the kind of input that the system receives," said Nathan Urban, associate professor of biological sciences at Carnegie Mellon.

When a stimulus such as an odor is encountered, many neurons start to fire. When many neurons fire at the same time, the signals can be difficult for the brain to interpret. During lateral inhibition, the stimulated neurons send "cease-fire" messages to the neighboring neurons, reducing the noise and making it easier to precisely identify a stimulus. This process also facilitates accurate recognition of stimuli in many sensory areas of the brain.
In this project, Urban and colleagues specifically examine the process of lateral inhibition in an area of the brain called the olfactory bulb, which is responsible for processing scents. Until now, scientists thought that the connections made by the neurons in the olfactory bulb were dictated by anatomy and could only change slowly.

However, in this current study, Urban and colleagues found that the connections are, in fact, not set but rather able to change dynamically in response to specific patterns of stimuli. In their experiments, they found that when excitatory neurons in the olfactory bulb fire in a correlated fashion, this determines how they are functionally connected.

The researchers showed that dynamic connectivity allows lateral inhibition to be enhanced when a large number of neurons initially respond to a stimulus, filtering out noise from other neurons. By filtering out the noise, the stimulus can be more clearly recognized and separated from other similar stimuli.

"This mechanism helps to explain why you can walk into a room and recognize a smell that seems to be floral. As you continue to smell the odor, you begin to recognize that the scent is indeed flowers and even more specifically is the scent of roses," Urban said. "By understanding how the brain does this, we can then apply this mechanism to other problems faced by the brain."

Researchers converted this mechanism into an algorithm and used computer modeling to further show that dynamic connectivity makes it easier to identify and discriminate between stimuli by enhancing the contrast, or sharpness, of the stimuli, independent of the spatial patterns of the active neurons. This algorithm allows researchers to show the applicability of the mechanism in other areas of the brain where similar inhibitory connections are widespread. For example, the researchers applied the algorithm to a blurry picture and the picture appeared refined and in sharper contrast.

Coauthors of the study include Armen Arevian, a graduate student in the Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, and Vikrant Kapoor, a biological sciences graduate student at Carnegie Mellon. The study was funded through grants from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, and the National Science Foundation.

About Carnegie Mellon: Carnegie Mellon is a private research university with a distinctive mix of programs in engineering, computer science, robotics, business, public policy, fine arts and the humanities. More than 10,000 undergraduate and graduate students receive an education characterized by its focus on creating and implementing solutions for real problems, interdisciplinary collaboration, and innovation. A small student-to-faculty ratio provides an opportunity for close interaction between students and professors. While technology is pervasive on its 144-acre Pittsburgh campus, Carnegie Mellon is also distinctive among leading research universities for the world-renowned programs in its College of Fine Arts. A global university, Carnegie Mellon has campuses in Silicon Valley, Calif., and Qatar, and programs in Asia, Australia and Europe. For more, see http://www.cmu.edu/.

Source: Jocelyn Duffy
Carnegie Mellon University
 
 
 
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