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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: solar system + voyager 2 + voyager  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/13/2008)

Where Are The Space Advocates?
Slashdot -
... send probes out with ion drives, solar sales, try out the eventually catch up to, and pass voyager. how many moons does Saturn have? we should have ...
The sculpting of Jupiter's gossamer rings by its shadow
Nature.com (subscription), UK - May 1, 2008
Jupiter's dusty rings were discovered by the Voyager spacecraft in 1979 and have subsequently been investigated with Earth- and space-based telescopes 5, ...
Laser Insight into Gas Giants
Astrobiology Magazine - May 9, 2008
Voyager 1 took photos of Jupiter and two of its satellites (Io, left, and Europa) on Feb. 13, 1979. Gas giants like Jupiter are not expected to be locations ...
用开源的Celestia 1.5.1 - 来尽情
LUPA开源社区, China - Apr 28, 2008
The 1989 flyby of Neptune by Voyager 2--last stop before leaving the solar system. Saturn and its rings. Dark shadows cast by the rings are visible in the ...
Week in Review Week in Review: 5 May - 9 May 2008
IJ Online, UK - May 9, 2008
The Sevan Voyager - which can process 30000 barrels of crude oil per day and store 300000 barrels - should be installed in the Shelley Field in the UK's ...ATH:ASCO
Source: Google News

The solar system cratering record: Voyager 2 results at Uranus and implications for the origin of … -
RG Strom - Icarus, 1987 - Elsevier
... USA). The solar system cratering record: Voyager 2 results at Uranus and
implications for the origin of impacting objects. Robert ...

[PDF] … Dust Particles Detected in the Outer Solar System by the Voyager 1 and 2 Plasma Wave Instruments -
DA Gumett, JA Ansher, WS Kurth, LJ Granroth - ntrs.nasa.gov
Page 1. U. of Iowa 97-3 Micron-Sized Dust Particles Detected in the Outer Solar
System by the Voyager 1 and 2 Plasma Wave Instruments by ...
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[PDF] Voyager 1 exited the solar wind at a distance of~ 85 AU from the Sun -
SM Krimigis, RB Decker, ME Hill, TP Armstrong, G … - Nature, 2003 - space.umd.edu
... VV, Gloeckler, G. & Malama, V. When will Voyager 1 and 2 cross the ... H. A five fluid
hydrodynamic approach to model the solar system- interstellar medium ...
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Voyager 2 Encounter with the Saturnian System -
EC STONE, ED MINER - Science, 1982 - sciencemag.org
Reports Voyager 2 Encounter with the Saturnian System ... Fig. I (left). Voyager 2 path
through the Saturn system shown in the plane of the spacecraft trajectory. ...

Infrared Observations of the Saturnian System from Voyager 1 -
R HANEL, B CONRATH, FM FLASAR, V KUNDE, W MAGUIRE, … - Science, 1981 - sciencemag.org
... During the passage of Voyager 1 through the Saturn system, the ... an optical thickness
in excess of 2 at 200 ... with values for other icy bodies in the solar system. ...

Encounter with Saturn: Voyager 1 Imaging Science Results -
BA SMITH, L SODERBLOM, R BEEBE, J BOYCE, G BRIGGS, … - Science, 1981 - sciencemag.org
... three of which were discovered in Voyager images, interact ... in ways not observed
elsewhere in the solar system. ... Two rings are observed beyond the F ring, and ...

The Voyager 2 Encounter with the Neptunian System -
EC Stone, ED Miner - Science, 1989 - sciencemag.org
Page 1. The Voyager 2 Encounter with the Neptunian System E. C. STONE AND
E. D. MINER An overview ofthe Voyager 2 encounter with ...

Radio Science with Voyager 2 at Saturn: Atmosphere and Ionosphere and the Masses of Mimas, Tethys, … -
GL TYLER, VR ESHLEMAN, JD ANDERSON, GS LEVY, GF … - Science, 1982 - sciencemag.org
... inversely with the square of solar distance ... Voyager 2 radio occultation measurements
of Saturn's atmosphere ... density with orbital radius in the Saturnian system. ...

[PDF] Radial evolution of the solar wind from IMP 8 to Voyager 2 -
JD Richardson, KI Paularena, AJ Lazarus, JW … - Geophys. Res. Lett, 1995 - space.mit.edu
... and Voyager 2, MS hesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, S 1993.
mith, EJ and JH Wolfe, Fields and plasmas in the outer solar system, Space ...
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Voyager 2 at Neptune: Imaging Science Results -
BA Smith, LA Soderblom, D Banfield, Barnet, AT … - Science, 1989 - sciencemag.org
... Storage and Transport for Solar-Powered Geysers on ... PDF ? Infrared Observations of
the Neptunian System. ... 1454-1459 | Abstract ? | PDF ? Voyager Radio Science ...

Source: Google Scholar

Voyager 2 Proves the Solar System is Squashed
San Francisco, CA. - NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft has followed its twin Voyager 1 into the solar system's final frontier, a vast region at the edge of our solar system where the solar wind runs up against the thin gas between the stars.
However, Voyager 2 took a different path, entering this region, called the heliosheath, on August 30, 2007. Because Voyager 2 crossed the heliosheath boundary, called the solar wind termination shock, about 10 billion miles away from Voyager 1 and almost a billion miles closer to the sun, it confirmed that our solar system is “squashed” or “dented”– that the bubble carved into interstellar space by the solar wind is not perfectly round. Where Voyager 2 made its crossing, the bubble is pushed in closer to the sun by the local interstellar magnetic field.

“Voyager 2 continues its journey of discovery, crossing the termination shock multiple times as it entered the outermost layer of the giant heliospheric bubble surrounding the Sun and joined Voyager 1 in the last leg of the race to interstellar space.” said Voyager Project Scientist Dr. Edward Stone of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.
The solar wind is a thin gas of electrically charged particles (plasma) blown into space by the sun. The solar wind blows in all directions, carving a bubble into interstellar space that extends past the orbit of Pluto. This bubble is called the heliosphere, and Voyager 1 was the first spacecraft to explore its outer layer, when it crossed into the heliosheath in December 2004. As Voyager 1 made this historic passage, it encountered the shock wave that surrounds our solar system called the solar wind termination shock, where the solar wind is abruptly slowed by pressure from the gas and magnetic field in interstellar space.

Even though Voyager 2 is the second spacecraft to cross the shock, it is scientifically exciting for a couple of reasons. The Voyager 2 spacecraft has a working Plasma Science instrument that can directly measure the velocity, density and temperature of the solar wind. This instrument is no longer working on Voyager 1 and estimates of the solar wind speed had to be made indirectly. Secondly, Voyager 1 may have had only a single shock crossing and it happened during a data gap. But Voyager 2 had at least five shock crossings over a couple of days (the shock “sloshes” back and forth like surf on a beach, allowing multiple crossings) and three of them are clearly in the data. They show us an unusual shock.

In a normal shock wave, fast-moving material slows down and forms a denser, hotter region as it encounters an obstacle. However, Voyager 2 found a much lower temperature beyond the shock than was predicted. This probably indicates that the energy is being transferred to cosmic ray particles that were accelerated to high speeds at the shock.

"The important new data describing the termination shock are still being pondered, but it is clear that Voyager has once again surprised us," said Dr. Eric Christian, Voyager Program Scientist at NASA Headquarters, Washington.

The two Voyager spacecraft will be the only source of local observations of this distant but highly interesting region for years to come. But in the summer of 2008, NASA will be launching a mission specifically designed to globally image the termination shock and heliosheath remotely from Earth orbit. The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX), led by Dr. David McComas of the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas, will use energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) to create all-sky maps at various energies of the interaction of the heliosphere with interstellar space. ENAs are formed when energetic electrically-charged particles “steal” an electron from another particle. Once neutral, they travel straight, unaffected by the solar magnetic field. IBEX will detect some of the particles that happen to be headed towards the Earth, and the number and energy of the particles coming from all different directions will tell us much more about the overall structure of the interaction between the heliosphere and interstellar space.

Results on the Voyager 2 shock crossing from the entire Voyager science team are being presented at the Fall 2007 meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco. The Voyagers were built by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif., which continues to operate both spacecraft.
 
 
 
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