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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: frontal lobe + rational decision-making + frontal  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/5/2008)

Frontal Lobe Syndrome in a Patient without Structural Brain ...
Journal of Neuropsychiatry (subscription) - May 1, 2008
Depending on the location of the injury, manifestations of frontal lobe dysfunction range from cognitive (executive) deficits to akinesia and mutism to ...
Neuroimaging Correlates of Chronic Delusional Jealousy after Right ...
Journal of Neuropsychiatry (subscription) - May 1, 2008
... a large hypoperfusion of the right hemisphere, involving the right frontal lobe, the possible result of a deafferentation (or diaschisis) effect. ...

News 8 Austin
Epilepsy and how to combat seizures
News 8 Austin, TX - Apr 30, 2008
What would have been just children who had a right temporal lobe abnormality or left temporal lobe, we can now say there is maybe frontal lobe involvement ...
Brain Patterns Predict Mistakes
Washington Post, United States - Apr 23, 2008
The first site of activity was the frontal lobe of the brain, which controls cognition and working memory. A boost in this region's activity usually occurs ...
Risperidone and Valproate for Mania Following Stroke
Journal of Neuropsychiatry (subscription) - May 1, 2008
... particularly in the limbic or limbic-related areas, which have strong connections with frontal lobe, right orbital frontal lobe, basotemporal, ...

Sydney Morning Herald
Rotten truth about our forgotten old folk
Sydney Morning Herald, Australia - May 4, 2008
Most of the elderly had dementia, alcoholic brain damage, schizophrenia or frontal lobe damage, Professor Snowdon found, and a few had obsessive-compulsive ...
Speaking in tongues
NYU Washington Square News, NY - Apr 29, 2008
"When people feel the sense of losing themselves, surrendering themselves to the experience, the frontal lobe would shut down." The frontal lobe is a part ...
Lawrence Brownlee (Arturo) in I Puritani. (Rozarii Lynch)
Crosscut, WA -
She seemed quite gaga from the onset which inevitably raised the question: Why is everyone in the opera enchanted by a girl with a frontal lobe made of ...
SLACKERJACK - Kullors
hecklerspray, Los Angeles - May 2, 2008
Don?t come running to us when it?s mashed your frontal lobe irreparably, OK? Kullors looks so sodding easy at first, too - you just have to click ...

Mediapost.com
NeuroFocus Unveils 'Best Practices' For Getting Into Consumers' Brains
Mediapost.com, NY - Apr 21, 2008
Generally, elements in the left visual field are interpreted by the right frontal lobe, while elements on the right are picked up by the left frontal lobe. ...
Source: Google News

Emotion-related learning in patients with social and emotional changes associated with frontal lobe … -
ET Rolls, J Hornak, D Wade, J McGrath - British Medical Journal, 1994 - jnnp.bmj.com
... Frames, biases, and rational decision-making in the ... Underlying Impairments in
Decision-making Following Ventromedial and Dorsolateral Frontal Lobe Damage in ...

Decision-making processes following damage to the prefrontal cortex. -
F Manes, B Sahakian, L Clark, R Rogers, N Antoun, … - Brain, 2002 - pt.wkhealth.com
... impairments traditionally seen following frontal lobe damage, and ... Patients with large
frontal lesions placed higher bets and made less rational decisions on ...

On Some Functions of the Human Prefrontal Cortex a -
AR DAMASIO - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1995 - Blackwell Synergy
... together with the ventromedial region, would be essential for the maintenance of
rational decision making. ... The problem of the frontal lobe: A reinterpretation. ...

How (and where) does moral judgment work? -
J Greene, J Haidt - Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2002 - Elsevier
... Haidt , The emotional dog and its rational tail: a ... 3. superior temporal sulcus, inferior
parietal lobe (39); 4. orbitofrontal, ventromedial frontal cortex (10 ...

Emotional Decisions -
A Barnes, P Thagard - Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of the …, 1996 - books.google.com
... His research on patients with frontal lobe damage indicates that feelings ... studies
which establish that emotion is indispensable in rational decision making. ...

Social and Emotional Decision-making Following Frontal Lobe Injury -
L Clark, F Manes - Neurocase, 2004 - informaworld.com
... A rational analysis could then be applied ... on structural images, exhibit
decision-making impairments consistent with frontal lobe injury, suggesting ...

… -related Reversal Learning After Surgical Excisions in Orbito-frontal or Dorsolateral Prefrontal … -
J Hornak, JO'Doherty, J Bramham, ET Rolls, RG … - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2004 - MIT Press
... different functions of these two regions of frontal lobe, and to ... cortex must interact
in the maintenance of rational and "nonrisky" decision-making tasks. ...

Decision making and neuropsychiatry -
S Rahman, BJ Sahakian, RN Cardinal, RD Rogers, TW … - Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2001 - Elsevier
... of ACoA patients has found frontal lobe function to be ... of patients with mania and
frontal dementia and ... are real possibilities for rational pharmacotherapy for ...

Interactions between decision making and performance monitoring within prefrontal cortex -
ME Walton, JT Devlin, MFS Rushworth - Nature Neuroscience, 2004 - stefan-koelsch.de
... to distin- guish separate functional areas within the frontal lobe, and there ... to
judge the consequences of our actions is central to rational decision making. ...

… Studies of Frontal Lobe Function: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies in Frontal Variant … -
DGC Disord - Logo, 1999 - content.karger.com
... successful development of rational strategies for ... patients with ventromedial frontal
lobe lesions exhibit ... also demonstrate poor decision-making, financial mis ...

Source: Google Scholar

Rational Decision-Making May Be Dependent Upon Neurons In The Frontal Lobe
You study the menu at a restaurant and decide to order the steak rather than the salmon. But when the waiter tells you about the lobster special, you decide lobster trumps steak. Without reconsidering the salmon, you place your order - all because of a trait called "transitivity."

"Transitivity is the hallmark of rational economic choice," says Camillo Padoa-Schioppa, a postdoctoral researcher in HMS Professor of Neurobiology John Assad's lab. According to transitivity, if you prefer A to B and B to C, then you ought to prefer A to C. Or, if you prefer lobster to steak, and steak to salmon, then you will prefer lobster to salmon.

Padoa-Schioppa is lead author on a paper that suggests this trait might be encoded at the level of individual neurons. The study, which appeared online Dec. 9 in Nature Neuroscience, shows that some neurons in a part of the brain called the orbitofrontal cortex encode economic value in a "menu invariant" way. That is, the neurons respond the same to steak regardless if it's offered against salmon or lobster.

"People make choices by assigning values to different options. If the values are menu invariant preferences will be transitive. The activity of these neurons does not vary with the menu options, suggesting that these neurons could be responsible for transitivity," Padoa-Schioppa explains.
"This study provides a key insight into the biology of our frontal lobes and the neural circuits that underlie decision-making," Assad adds. "Despite the maxim, we in fact can compare apples to oranges, and we do it all the time. Camillo's research sheds light on how we make these types of choices."

Frontal lobe damage has been linked to "choice deficits" such as eating disorders, compulsive gambling and abnormal social behavior. For example, in the first documented case of brain injury impacting behavior, the infamous railroad construction foreman Phineas Gage became unsociable after a tamping iron passed through his skull in 1848, damaging his frontal lobes. This area of the brain has also been implicated in drug abuse.

Labs are just beginning to probe normal decision-making at the level of individual neurons, venturing into a new field called neuroeconomics. Such research might eventually help to explain choice deficits associated with frontal lobe functions.

The new study builds on an April 2006 Nature paper in which Padoa-Schioppa and Assad identified neurons that encode the value macaque monkeys assign to juice they choose independent of its type, providing a common currency of comparison for the brain.

In that study, the scientists found that although monkeys generally prefer grape juice to apple juice, sometimes they choose the latter, if it is offered in large amounts. When presented with 3 units of apple juice and 1 unit of grape juice, for example, a monkey might take the grape juice only 50 percent of the time. This indicates that the value of the grape juice is 3 times that of the apple juice. A particular group of neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex fire at roughly the same rate, regardless of the monkey's decision because the animal values both choices equally. These neurons also fire at the same rate if the monkey chooses 6 units of apple juice or 2 units of grape juice. Thus, these neurons encode the value the monkey receives in each trial.

Now, by adding a third juice to the mix, the team has tested whether these neurons reflect transitivity. The three juices were offered to a monkey in pairs dozens of times over the course of a session, the quantity of each juice varying from trial to trial.

In general, monkeys preferred 1 unit of juice A to 1 unit of juice B, 1B to 1C, and 1A to 1C. During each session, Padoa-Schioppa recorded the activity of a handful of neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex, and he discovered their firing rate did not depend on whether B was offered against A or against C, indicating that these neurons respond in a menu invariant way.

"The stability of these neurons could help to explain why we make decisions that are consistent over the short term," Padoa-Schioppa says. "In our study, the neural circuit was not influenced by the short-term behavioral context."

Padoa-Schioppa is now examining the possibility that value-encoding neurons may adapt to different value scales over longer periods of time.

This research is supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from the Harvard Mind/Brain/Behavior Initiative, by a Pathway to Independence Award from the National Institute of Mental Health and by a grant from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.

Source: Alyssa Kneller
Harvard Medical School
 
 
 
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