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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: distinct regions + brain region + belief  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/5/2008)

Brain Patterns Predict Mistakes
Washington Post, United States - Apr 23, 2008
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The Immunology of Multiple Sclerosis
Medscape (subscription) - Apr 21, 2008
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Source: Google News

People thinking about thinking people The role of the temporo-parietal junction in ?theory of mind? -
R Saxe, N Kanwisher - Neuroimage, 2003 - Elsevier
... a lower threshold, a separate whole brain analysis (P ... or logical structure of false
belief stories, since ... presence of at least two distinct regions involved in ...

Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: Relation to a default mode of brain … -
DA Gusnard, E Akbudak, GL Shulman, ME Raichle - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2001 - National Acad Sciences
... oxygen utilization that exists across the human brain in the ... and the level of blood
flow in that region. We believe that clues to the functional nature of this ...

The frontal lobes are necessary for'theory of mind'. -
DT Stuss, GG Gallup Jr, MP Alexander - Brain, 2001 - pt.wkhealth.com
... inferential reasoning about the beliefs and intentions of ... suggest involvement of
different brain regions, they do ... limited focal lesions in distinct frontal and ...

Uniquely human social cognition -
R Saxe - Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2006 - Elsevier
... is about, the state of affairs to which the belief or perception ... the brains of healthy
human adults, I suggest here that distinct brain regions are implicated ...

The Neural Basis of Economic Decision-Making in the Ultimatum Game -
AG Sanfey, JK Rilling, JA Aronson, LE Nystrom, JD … - Science, 2003 - sciencemag.org
... of which have been found to engage a distinct region of the ... our finding that activity
in a region well known ... MJ Iadarola et al., Brain 121, 931 (1998).[Abstract ...

It's the Thought That Counts: Specific Brain Regions for One Component of Theory of Mind -
R Saxe, LJ Powell - Psychological Science, 2006 - Blackwell Synergy
... identified by a contrast between false-belief and false ... of theory of mind remains
distinct in adulthood ... one or more of the brain regions previously associated ...

[BOOK] Principles of Neural Science -
ER Kandel, JH Schwartz, TM Jessell - 2000 - books.google.com
... Eric R. Kandel Two Opposing Views Have Been Advanced on the Relationship Between
Brain and Behavior 6 The Brain Has Distinct Functional Regions 7 Cognitive ...

Reading the mind in cartoons and stories: an fMRI study of ?theory of mind?in verbal and nonverbal … -
HL Gallagher, F Happ?, N Brunswick, PC Fletcher, … - Neuropsychologia, 2000 - Elsevier
... have reflected different tasks, scanning techniques, or genuinely distinct regions
of activation. ... Table 1. Regions of increased brain activity associated ...

Face processing occurs outside the fusiform'face area'in autism: evidence from functional MRI. -
K Pierce, RA Muller, J Ambrose, G Allen, E … - Brain, 2001 - pt.wkhealth.com
... groups represent aetiologically similar or distinct populations is ... the FG; indeed,
this special brain region is sometimes ... area (FFA) and many believe that the ...

A procedure for identifying regions preferentially activated by attention to semantic and … -
KB McDermott, SE Petersen, JM Watson, JG Ojemann - Neuropsychologia, 2003 - Elsevier
... In addition, there are functionally distinct regions within posterior ... with intractable
seizures or brain tumors) in ... might identify language regions similar to ...

Source: Google Scholar

Belief, disbelief and uncertainty activate distinct brain regions

The capacity of the human mind to believe or disbelieve a statement is a powerful force for controlling both behavior and emotion, but the basis of these states in the brain is not yet understood. A new study found that belief, disbelief and uncertainty activate distinct regions of the brain, with belief/disbelief affecting areas associated with the pleasantness/unpleasantness of tastes and odors. The study will publish online in the Annals of Neurology (http://www.interscience.wiley.com/journal/ana), the official journal of the American Neurological Association.

Led by Sam Harris of the University of California, Los Angeles, the study involved 14 adults who underwent functional MRI scans during which they were presented with short statements that they had to evaluate as true, false or undecided. Each participant underwent three scans while they evaluated statements from a broad variety of categories such as mathematical, geographical, autobiographical, religious and factual. The statements were designed to be clearly true, false or undecidable.

Contrasting belief and disbelief trials yielded increased signal in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), which is involved in linking factual knowledge with emotion. “The involvement of the VMPFC in belief processing suggests an anatomical link between the purely cognitive aspects of belief and human emotion and reward,” the authors state. The fact that ethical belief showed a similar pattern of activation to mathematical belief suggests that the physiological difference between belief and disbelief is not related to content or emotional associations, they note.

The contrasts between disbelief and belief showed increased signal in the anterior insula, a region involved in the sensation of taste, the perception of pain, and the feeling of disgust, indicating that “false propositions might actually disgust us,” the authors state. “Our results appear to make sense of the emotional tone of disbelief, placing it on a continuum with other modes of stimulus appraisal and rejection,” they add.

Uncertainty evoked a positive signal in the anterior cingulate cortext (ACC) and a decreased signal in the caudate, a region of the basal ganglia, which plays a role in motor action. Noting that both belief and disbelief showed an increased signal in the caudate compared to uncertainty, the authors suggest that the basal ganglia may play a role in mediating the cognitive and behavioral differences between decision and indecision.

The study raises the possibility that the differences between belief, disbelief and uncertainty may one day be reliably distinguished by neuroimaging techniques. They conclude: “This would have obvious implications for the detection of deception, for the control of the placebo effect during the process of drug design, and for the study of any higher-cognitive phenomenon in which the differences between belief, disbelief, and uncertainty might be a relevant variable.”

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Article: “Functional Neuroimaging of Belief, Disbelief, and Uncertainty,” Sam Harris, Sameer Sheth, Mark S. Cohen, Annals of Neurology, December 2007.
 
 
 
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