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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: human learning + learn + over-imitation  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/5/2008)


The Southern Ledger
Baby birds' babbling finally makes sense
Boston Globe, United States -
The group then turned to the song-learning circuit. Deactivating a part of this pathway in very young birds silenced their babbling. ...
Birds start singing with babbling ABC Online
all 17 news articles »
Leaping language barriers
Xinhua, China -
"I live in China and I should respect the country I am in by learning the language, or at least trying to learn the language," she says. ...
Human element enters bottom line
Melbourne Herald Sun, Australia -
"People learn the basic rules of interaction in families, by growing up with siblings and fighting among themselves, but kids are losing that now because of ...

Boston Globe
More room to live and learn
Boston Globe, United States - May 3, 2008
Now known as the TILL Building - named after its nonprofit owner, the Dedham-based Toward Independent Living and Learning human services agency - it will be ...
Engaging books spark an interest in learning
Danbury News Times, CT -
Learn about naked mole rats that live in an underground colony where may have hundreds of siblings. When two mole rats meet in a tunnel, the younger, ...
Baby birds babble like human infants
Telegraph.co.uk, United Kingdom - May 1, 2008
"I think the biggest implications of the work are in understanding how the human brain learns. Many of the things we learn to do, like speaking, learning ...

The Associated Press
Baby birds babble just like human babies learning to talk
The Associated Press - May 1, 2008
Like babies moving their limbs or trying to walk, babbling emphasizes the importance of play activities in learning. "The parallels between human and bird ...
Anatomy students say thanks to cadavers ?and learn one last thing ...
Chicago Tribune, United States - May 4, 2008
Henry Gray, best known for Gray's Anatomy?the anatomy textbook of the human body?stared out at the crowd with his anatomy students from 1860. ...
2 mch txtng bad 4 U
Elmira Star-Gazette, NY -
Ewan McIntosh, the National Adviser on Learning and Technology Futures for Learning and Teaching in Scotland, notes that text messaging emphasizes "the ...

DigitalJournal.com
Bird Brains Are More Complex As They Learn Their Inherent Song ...
DigitalJournal.com, Canada - May 3, 2008
Baby birds babble, similar to young human children learning to speak. A behaviour much like play in children, babbling enables the learning process of a ...
Source: Google News

Imitation: A bootstrap for learning to speak
GE Speidel - The many faces of imitation in language learning, 1989 - books.google.com
... In the first stages of language learning, the networks ... network, for how else could
children learn so quickly to ... They hold that the human brain has evolved a ...

[PDF] Robotic Societies: Elements of Learning by Imitation -
CAA Calderon, H Hu - Proc. 21st IASTED Int. Conf. on Applied Informatics - cswww.essex.ac.uk
... 15] MN Nicolescu and MJ Mataric, Experience- based Representation Construction:
Learning from Human and Robot ... 19] N. Meltzoff, Born to Learn: What Infants ...

[BOOK] Not By Genes Alone: How Culture Transformed Human Evolution -
PJ Richerson, R Boyd - 2005 - books.google.com
... shapes how we think and learn in an ... from other evolutionary theories of human behavior. ...
changes would put a premium on individual learning over imitation. ...

[PDF] Dynamic imitation in a humanoid robot through nonparametric probabilistic inference -
D Grimes, R Chalodhorn, R Rao - Proceedings of Robotics: Science and Systems, 2006 - roboticsproceedings.org
... method for the incorporation of uncertain prior information from human kinematic
estimates. Inverse reinforcement learning [9] and apprenticeship learn- ing [10 ...

[BOOK] A Music Learning Theory for Newborn and Young Children
E Gordon - 2003 - books.google.com
... are limited in their ability to learn to understand, speak ... they are equally
disadvantaged in learning how to ... for and essential to satisfying our human need for ...

Educating symbiotic P-individuals through multi-level conversations -
G Boyd - Systems Research, 1993 - doi.wiley.com
... make taught cybersystemic learning take precedence over imitation and instinct ... can
appreciable culturally and ecologically symbiotic human learning be brought ...

[BOOK] Human Nature and the Social Order -
CH Cooley - 1983 - books.google.com
... Habit?To Disinterested Love?How Children Learn the Meaning ... are poorly educated in
the new learning and ignore ... a hard time dying the idea of human nature has ...

Intrapersonal communication and internalization in the Second Language Classroom
JP Lantolf - Vygotsky's educational theory in cultural context, 2003 - books.google.com
... domains narrows, there is less to learn (see Lantolf ... in the development of the uniquely
human ability to ... PRIVATE SPEECH AND L2 LEARNING Children To my knowledge ...

General processes, rather than" goals," explain imitation errors. -
G Bird, R Brindley, J Leighton, C Heyes - … of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2007 - content.apa.org
... a light switch) takes priority over imitation of the means ... Motor Processes; *Sequential
Learning Classification Codes 2300 Human Experimental Psychology ...

Interpersonal Risk Aversion: An Impediment to Learning and Knowledge Translation for Innovation -
WFS Amour - Risk Management: An International Journal, 2004 - Perpetuity Press
... share a common essence as socially framed, intersubjective human processes, and ... in
more detail below, which indicate that learning to learn is contingent ...

Source: Google Scholar

Humans Appear Hardwired To Learn By "Over-Imitation"
Children learn by imitating adults-so much so that they will rethink how an object works if they observe an adult taking unnecessary steps when using that object, according to a Yale study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

"Even when you add time pressure, or warn the children not to do the unnecessary actions, they seem unable to avoid reproducing the adult's irrelevant actions," said Derek Lyons, doctoral candidate, developmental psychology, and first author of the study. "They have already incorporated the actions into their idea of how the object works."

Learning by imitation occurs from the simplest preverbal communication to the most complex adult expertise. It is the basis for much of our success as a species, but the benefits are less clear in instances of "over-imitation," where children copy behavior that is not needed, Lyons said.
It has been theorized that children over-imitate just to fit in, or out of habit. The Yale team found in this study that children follow the adults' steps faithfully to the point where they actually change their mind about how an object functions.

The study included three-to-five-year-old children who engaged in a series of exercises. In one exercise, the children could see a dinosaur toy through a clear plastic box. The researcher used a sequence of irrelevant and relevant actions to retrieve the toy, such as tapping the lid of the jar with a feather before unscrewing the lid.

The children then were asked which actions were silly and which were not. They were praised when they pinpointed the actions that had no value in retrieving the toy. The idea was to teach the children that the adult was unreliable and that they should ignore his unnecessary actions.

Later the children watched adults retrieve a toy turtle from a box using needless steps. When asked to do the task themselves, the children over-imitated, despite their prior training to ignore irrelevant actions by the adults.

"What of all of this means," Lyons said, "is that children's ability to imitate can actually lead to confusion when they see an adult doing something in a disorganized or inefficient way. Watching an adult doing something wrong can make it much harder for kids to do it right."

More information is available at the project website: http://www.hellofelix.com.

Co-authors include Andrew Young of the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Frank Keil of Yale, who was the senior author.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: online publication week of December 3, 2007 (doi/10.1073/pnas.0704452104)

http://www.yale.edu
 
 
 
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