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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: has been + protein interactions + protein  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/13/2008)

Scientists unveil the dramatic difference between humans and fruit ...
Thaindian.com, Thailand -
Scientists have believed for some time that the complexity of an organisms protein interactions determine its biological complexity, but until now its been ...
What's the difference between a human and a fruit fly?
EurekAlert (press release), DC -
Fruit flies are dramatically different from humans not in their number of genes, but in the number of protein interactions in their bodies, according to ...
New Clues To How Proteins Dissolve And Crystallize
Science Daily (press release) -
And they have gained new insight into the workings of the Hofmeister series, which has been called "as important to protein chemistry as Mendel was to ...
Protein Summit 2007: Exploring the Impact of High-Quality Protein ...
Am J Clin Nutr (subscription), CA - May 9, 2008
Interactions of protein and amino acids with carbohydrate metabolism have been recognized for years. Amino acids directly contribute to de novo synthesis of ...
Epic Genetics: Genes? chemical clothes may underlie the biology ...
Science News - May 9, 2008
Adding an acetyl group to a protein, for instance, is called acetylation. Tacking on phosphorus is, yes, phosphorylation, and so on. ...
SIU Researchers Developing Instrument To Identify Protein Targets ...
Proteo Monitor, NY - May 8, 2008
Anytime you?re trying to find the protein target of a small molecule, DIABLA could greatly accelerate that process. Has there been any commercial interest ...
Breastfeeding makes children smarter
Telegraph.co.uk, United Kingdom - May 5, 2008
The reaction of an baby's immature immune system to a protein found in cow's milk infant formula may explain the suspected link between early consumption of ...
Artificial Photosynthesis Moves A Step Closer
Science Daily (press release) - Apr 28, 2008
?To fully understand how the energy-transfer system in photosynthesis works, you can?t just study the spatial landscape of these pigment-protein complexes, ...
Elusive Protein Protects Malaria Parasite From Heme
Science Daily (press release) - Apr 25, 2008
He added: "The beauty of this discovery is that, while HDP has robust interactions with heme, it lacks homology to any of the known heme-binding proteins ...
Structure Of Protein That Repairs Damage To Cancer Cells Revealed
Science Daily (press release) - Apr 24, 2008
Previous crystal structures of this protein included only a very short, single-stranded segment of DNA, and did not reveal all of its interactions with ...
Source: Google News

… of Interacting Proteins: a research tool for studying cellular networks of protein interactions -
I Xenarios, L Salwinski, XJ Duan, P Higney, SM Kim … - Nucleic Acids Research, 2002 - Oxford Univ Press
... The structure of the DIP has been designed to capture the essential information
about protein?protein interactions available from experimental data. ...

Lethality and centrality in protein networks -
H Jeong, SP Mason, AL Barabasi, ZN Oltvai? - Nature, 2001 - palgrave-journals.com
... emergence of an inhomogeneous structure in both metabolic 5, 11 and protein interaction
networks suggests that there has been evolutionary selection of a ...

A comprehensive analysis of protein?protein interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -
P Uetz, L Giot, G Cagney, TA Mansfield, RS Judson, … - Nature, 2000 - nature.com
... That only a subset of previously described interactions has been detected in our
work can ... include Gal4 as the DNA-binding domain fusion protein and centromeric ...

The Pfam Protein Families Database -
A Bateman, E Birney, L Cerruti, R Durbin, L … - Nucleic Acids Research, 2002 - Oxford Univ Press
... protein complexes in the PDB (7) to infer protein?protein interactions between Pfam
domains. ... The protein structure picture has been kindly provided ...

Comparative assessment of large-scale data sets of protein?protein interactions -
C von Mering, R Krause, B Snel, M Cornell, SG … - Nature, 2002 - nature.com
... Traditionally, protein interactions have been studied individually by ... the speed with
which new proteins are being discovered or predicted has created a ...

Detecting Protein Function and Protein-Protein Interactions from Genome Sequences -
EM Marcotte, M Pellegrini, HL Ng, DW Rice, TO … - Science, 1999 - sciencemag.org
... Our knowledge of protein-protein interactions has been accumulated from biochemical
and genetic experiments, including the widely used yeast two-hybrid test (2 ...

A Protein Interaction Map of Drosophila melanogaster -
L Giot, JS Bader, C Brouwer, A Chaudhuri, B Kuang, … - Science, 2003 - sciencemag.org
... the fly interaction map with each protein colored by ... This map has been filtered by
only showing proteins with less than or equal to 20 interactions and with at ...

Metalloprotease-Disintegrins: Links to Cell Adhesion and Cleavage of TNFa and Notch -
CC Interactions, PE Shedding - Cell, 1997 - cell.com
... role of the disintegrin domain in cell?cell interactions. ... of the snake venom RGD
in MDC proteins has been proposed to ... that more than one MDC protein might be ...

A network of protein- protein interactions in yeast -
B Schwikowski, P Uetz, S Fields - Nature Biotechnology, 2000 - nature.com
... Whereas these interactions allow an obvious prediction, this protein has also been
implicated in nuclear-cytoplasmic transport because it is associated with ...

Principles of protein-protein interactions. -
S Jones, JM Thornton - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the …, 1996 - pubmedcentral.nih.gov
... protein interactions. S Jones and JM Thornton Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology, University College, London, England. This article has been ...

Source: Google Scholar

The closest look ever at native human tissue

A powerful microscope technique reveals the molecular organization of skin

 

Seeing proteins in their natural environment and interactions inside cells has been a long-standing goal. Using an advanced microscopy technique called cryo-electron tomography, researchers from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory [EMBL] have visualised proteins responsible for cell-cell contacts for the first time. In this week’s issue of Nature they publish the first 3D image of human skin at molecular resolution and reveal the molecular Velcro-like organisation that interlinks cells.

“This is a real breakthrough in two respects,” says Achilleas Frangakis, group leader at EMBL. “Never before has it been possible to look in three dimensions at a tissue so close to its native state at such a high resolution. We can now see details at the scale of a few millionths of a millimetre. In this way we have gained a new view on the interactions of molecules that underlie cell adhesion in tissues – a mechanism that has been disputed over decades.”

So far, the only information available about a protein’s position and interactions in a cell was based on either light microscopy images at poor resolution or techniques that remove proteins from their natural context. Frangakis and his group have been developing a technique called cryo-electron tomography, with which a cell or tissue is instantly frozen in its natural state and then examined with an electron micro-scope. Electron microscopy normally requires tissue to be treated with chemicals or coated in metal, a procedure that disturbs the natural state of a sample. With cyro-electron tomography, images are taken of the untreated sample from different directions and assembled into an accurate 3D image by a computer.

The researchers applied this technique to observe proteins that are crucial for the integrity of tissues and organs like the skin and the heart, but also play an important role in cell proliferation. These proteins, called cadherins, are anchored in cell membranes and interact with each other to bring cells close together and interlink them tightly.

“We could see the interaction between two cadherins directly, and this revealed where the strength of human skin comes from,” says Ashraf Al-Amoudi, who carried out the work in Frangakis’ lab. “The trick is that each cadherin binds twice: once to a molecule from the juxtaposed cell, and once to its next-door neighbour. The system works a bit like specialised Velcro and establishes very tight contacts between cells.”

The new insights into the cadherin system broadens the understanding of structural aspects of cell adhesion and shed light on other crucial processes such as cell proliferation. The technical advances achieved in cryo-electron tomography of frozen sections open up new possibilities to study more systems at native conditions with molecular resolution.

Skin Cell Electron Tomogram

Caption: This 3-D reconstruction of a human skin cell was produced by electron tomography and shows organelles in different colours: regions of cell-cell contact (sandy brown), nucleus and nuclear envelope (blue) with pores (red), microtubules (green), mitochondria (purple), endoplasmic reticulum (steel blue).

Credit: Achilleas Frangakis EMBL

 

 

Cadherins Close-up

Caption: 3-D visualization of interacting cadherin molecules in their native arrangement. Known molecular structures of cadherins (grey and red ribbons) are fit into the electron tomogram (multicolour) of the complex.

Credit: Achilleas Frangakis, EMBL

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