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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: viral infections + viral infection + discovery  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/5/2008)

A clue to flu fight in Albany research
Albany Times Union, NY - Apr 29, 2008
About six or seven days into a viral infection -- like flu or a common cold -- the macrophages are turned off by the release of interferon, ...
T-cell Multiplication Unexpectedly Delayed After Infection
Science Daily (press release) - Apr 13, 2008
Given that CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are essential for eliminating most viral infections, what would be the benefit of delaying T cell division? ...

Business Wire (press release)
Alnylam Initiates Phase II Trial to Evaluate Safety and ...
Business Wire (press release), CA - Apr 9, 2008
Secondary objectives include evaluating the anti-viral activity and pharmacokinetics of ALN-RSV01. Methods for measuring anti-viral activity include nasal ...ALNY
Steve Connor: More on the Aids vaccine
Independent, UK - Apr 24, 2008
One HIV infection does not prevent further infection: what I am saying is that there is no infection-acquired immunity. This is different from malaria, ...
Full Text
Science Magazine (subscription) - Apr 24, 2008
(2) and Mercer and Helenius (3) provide new insights into the biology of phosphatidylserine and reveal an unappreciated role in viral infection. ...
FST updated Information Statement on Cyclospora
innovations report, Germany - May 2, 2008
This compares with a total of 7% for parasites, 13% for bacterial and 80% for viral caused infections (Mead et al. 1999). ...
T-Cell Duplication Delayed Up to 3 Days After Infection
Washington Post, United States - Apr 11, 2008
This delay occurred despite the fact that the viral antigen reached T-cell-stimulatory levels within six to 12 hours after infection," Whitton said. ...
U. Nebraska Scientist Using Proteomic Tools To Help Understand HIV ...
Proteo Monitor, NY - Apr 24, 2008
According to the literature and some epidemiological studies ? after [the] introduction of highly active anti-viral retroactive therapy, HAART, ...
Abbott Announces HUMIRA? (adalimumab) Approved In Japan For The ...
Medical News Today (press release), UK - Apr 21, 2008
... respiratory infections (including pneumonia, bronchitis), viral infections (including influenza, herpes infections), candidiasis, bacterial infection ...ABT
Pitt Organizes Day of Scientific Discovery for a Novel Federal ...
University of Pittsburgh News (press release), PA - Apr 18, 2008
PITTSBURGH?Middle school students most likely won?t be called upon to contain a viral epidemic or figure out why a strain of bacteria causing ear infections ...
Source: Google News

… envelope glycoprotein can completely block HIV- 1/SIV chimeric virus infections of macaque monkeys -
N Immunology, D Discovery - Nature Medicine, 1999 - nature.com
... Virus-specific antibodies protect individuals against a wide variety of viral
infections 1-7 . To assess whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV ...

Viral infection switches non-plasmacytoid dendritic cells into high interferon producers -
SS Diebold, M Montoya, H Unger, L Alexopoulou, P … - Nature, 2003 - nature.com
... Interferon alpha/beta and interleukin 12 responses to viral infections: pathways
regulating ... Borrow, P., Evans, CF & Oldstone, MB Virus-induced immunosuppression ...

Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection -
JAYA LEVY - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1989 - Blackwell Synergy
... be an important aspect of viral pathogenesis. ... patients with immune defi- ciency and
opportunistic infections. ... substantial serologic reaction to the AIDS virus. ...

Restoring function in exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection -
DL Barber, EJ Wherry, D Masopust, B Zhu, JP … - Nature, 2006 - nature.com
... T cells generated after an acute viral infection are highly ... In contrast, chronic
infections are often characterized ... of functional impairment of virus-specific T ...

Protection of chimpanzees from high-dose heterologous HIV-1 challenge by DNA vaccination -
N Immunology, N Conferences, D Discovery - Nature Medicine, 1997 - nature.com
... | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |; Wei, X. et al. Viral dynamics in human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Nature 373, 117-122 (1995). ...

Activation and function of natural killer cell responses during viral infections -
CA Biron - Current Opinion in Immunology, 1997 - Elsevier
... with major historical points surrounding the discovery of IFN ... the range of NK cell
responses to viral infections, endogenous virus-induced mediators ...

The Natural History of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Host, Viral, and Environmental Factors -
DL Thomas, J Astemborski, RM Rai, FA Anania, M … - JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 2000 - jama.waldenu.edu
... Among 1667 Persons With Hepatitis C Virus Infection. ... principal outcomes of HCV infection,
viral clearance and ... participants with incident HCV infections and the ...
-

Viral Clearance Without Destruction of Infected Cells During Acute HBV Infection -
LG Guidotti, R Rochford, J Chung, M Shapiro, R … - Science, 1999 - sciencemag.org
... if the only way to eliminate the infections was to ... and clinical recovery from acute
viral hepatitis (26). ... a strong survival advantage for both virus and host. ...

JNK2 and IKKbeta are required for activating the innate response to viral infection -
WM Chu, D Ostertag, ZW Li, L Chang, Y Chen, Y Hu, … - Immunity, 1999 - actxdownload.immunity.com
... The discovery of this physiological function for the ... required for its induction by
virus or dsRNA ... Our present results explain how viral infection results in ...

Long?term restoration of immunity against Epstein?Barr virus infection by adoptive transfer of gene … -
HE Heslop, CYC Ng, C Li, CA Smith, SK Loftin, RA … - Nature Medicine, 1996 - nature.com
... Early identification of Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant ... are required
to sustain CD8 + cytotoxic T cell responses during chronic viral infection. ...

Source: Google Scholar

Discovery Impacts On Treatment Of Viral Infections
Scientists at the University of California, Santa Barbara have made a significant discovery relating to viral infections in humans.

They studied how a certain enzyme called PKR behaves in human cells, and showed that this enzyme is important for the antiviral effect of interferon against some viruses, but not others. Interferon is a naturally occurring substance that is also used as a drug to treat certain viruses such as Hepatitis C.

The findings will be published in the Journal of Virology in August (Volume 81, issue 15), and the article is currently available on-line at http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/reprint/JVI.00426-07v1.
The study was conducted in the laboratory of Charles Samuel, the Charles A. Storke II Professor of Molecular Biology at UCSB. The first author is Ping Zhang, a postdoctoral fellow.

The overall objective of Samuel's laboratory is to elucidate, in molecular terms, the mechanisms by which interferons exert their antiviral and cell growth control actions in mammalian cells.

"The interferon system is an important host defense against viral and microbial pathogens," said Samuel. "In addition to inhibiting virus multiplication, interferons affect other processes in animal cells, including cell growth and differentiation and the immune response."

Current work in Samuel's lab includes biochemical and molecular genetic studies of two interferon-inducible enzymes, PKR and ADAR. The new study deals with the enzyme PKR, an RNA-dependent protein kinase. (RNA stands for ribonucleic acid and is a type of enzyme that is involved in phosphorylation, the transfer of phosphates from donor molecules to target molecules.)

The researchers cultured human cancer derived cells with very low PKR -- or none at all. This allowed them to test the role of PKR in the cell.

"We found that with low PKR there is less apoptosis in response to some stimuli," said Zhang. (Apoptosis is cell death or "suicide." It is a strategy, at the cellular level, to prevent growth of the virus.)

The scientists found that protein synthesis, including the synthesis of an invading virus, is also affected by PKR.

Using three separate viruses, the scientists found that PKR is important for the antiviral effect of interferon against some viruses but not others.

The current study extends findings from studies of mouse cells that are genetically deficient in PKR. It clarifies certain roles of PKR in apoptosis, signaling, and virus replication in a human cell.

Zhang first became interested in molecular biology at age 16 when she started college. She received her Ph.D. at Zhongshan University in Guangzhou, China in 2002. Her dissertation focused on the molecular mechanism of apoptosis in response to viral infection. She will work in Samuel's lab for another year before returning to China.

Source: Gail Gallessich
University of California - Santa Barbara
 
 
 
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