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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: escape detection + pathogen detection + pathogens  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/5/2008)

Staying Healthy in Abkhazia: Manual for Russian Tourists
Abkhazia, CA - Apr 13, 2008
A bacterial illness that is transmitted through contaminated food, typhoid is life threatening, especially to children and the elderly, but early detection ...
Source: Google News

… of a multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR ELISA for the detection of nine respiratory tract pathogens -
W Puppe, JAI Weigl, G Aron, B Gr?ndahl, HJ … - Journal of Clinical Virology, 2004 - Elsevier
... approach is more feasible for detection of a ... role in diagnostics of non-colonizing
ARI pathogens. The surveillance for diagnostic escape mutants is necessary ...

Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity -
S Akira, S Uematsu, O Takeuchi - Cell, 2006 - Elsevier
... TLR5 is responsible for the detection of flagellin ... role in the defense against pathogens
of the ... proinflammatory properties and therefore escape the flagellin ...

A review of molecular recognition technologies for detection of biological threat agents -
SS Iqbal, MW Mayo, JG Bruno, BV Bronk, CA Batt, JP … - Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2000 - Elsevier
... as coating and detection reagents in a sandwich ELISA replacing polyclonal and
monoclonal antibodies. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus, a plant pathogen, was ...

DC-SIGN: escape mechanism for pathogens -
Y van Kooyk, TBH Geijtenbeek - Nature Reviews Immunology, 2003 - uiowa.edu
... pathogens, including viruses, such as HIV-1, and non-viral pathogens, such as
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, subvert DC functions to escape immune surveillance by ...

Host-Microbe Interactions: Shaping the Evolution of the Plant Immune Response -
ST Chisholm, G Coaker, B Day, BJ Staskawicz - Cell, 2006 - Elsevier
... Direct detection would only be efficient against multiple ... genes suggests that both
host and pathogen are locked ... conflict, where efforts to escape resistance by ...

Peptidoglycan Molecular Requirements Allowing Detection by Nod1 and Nod2* -
SE Girardin, LH Travassos, M Herve, D Blanot, IG … - Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2003 - ASBMB
... the first line of defense against pathogens, because intestinal ... Nod1 and Nod2 in
the detection of PG ... ornithine may then represent an escape mechanism important ...

Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B via Biomolecular Interaction Analysis Mass Spectrometry -
D Nedelkov, RW Nelson - Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2003 - pubmedcentral.nih.gov
... for Allergy and Infectious Diseases Biodefense Priority Pathogens List for ... that might
be (potentially) genetically engineered to escape detection by monoclonal ...

… coli identification in food, water and clinical samples based on beta-glucuronidase detection -
EW Frampton, L Restaino - Journal of Applied Microbiology, 1993 - Blackwell Synergy
... lack GUD activity, they will escape enumeration in ... on either chromogenic or fluorogenic
substrates for detection. ... in this category are pathogens belonging to ...

Adding injury to insult: pathogen detection and responses -
EE Farmer - Genome Biology, 2000 - genomebiology.com
... The signaling machinery for pathogen and pest recognition may be intimately ... elicitors
to either partially (b) or completely (c) escape detection still activate ...

Using a Resequencing Microarray as a Multiple Respiratory Pathogen Detection Assay?? -
B Lin, KM Blaney, AP Malanoski, AG Ligler, JM … - Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2007 - Am Soc Microbiol
... drift is the mechanism by which influenza viruses escape from immunological ... Infectious
pathogen detection arrays: viral detection in cell lines and postmortem ...

Source: Google Scholar

Pathogens Evolve To Escape Detection

An arms race is under way in the plant world. It is an evolutionary battle in which plants are trying to beef up their defenses against the innovative strategies of pathogens. The latest example of this war is a bacterium (Pseudomonas syringae) that infects tomatoes by injecting a special protein into the plant's cells and undermines the plant's defense system.

"Plant breeders often find that five or six years after their release, resistant plant varieties become susceptible because pathogens can evolve very quickly to overcome plant defenses," said Gregory Martin, Cornell professor of plant pathology, a scientist at the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research (BTI) on the Cornell campus and the senior author of the research paper, published in the July 19 issue of the journal Nature. "However, every now and then, breeders develop a plant variety that stays resistant for 20 years or more."
Understanding why some varieties have more durable disease resistance is important to the development of more sustainable agricultural practices, he said.

The study by Cornell and BTI scientists describes how a single bacterial protein, AvrPtoB, which is injected by P. syringae into plant cells through a kind of molecular syringe, can overcome the plant's resistance. Normally, the plant's defense system looks out for such pathogens and, if detected, mounts an immune response to stave off disease. As part of this surveillance system, tomatoes carry a protein in their cells called Fen that helps detect P. syringae and trigger an immune response.

But some strains of P. syringae have evolved the AvrPtoB protein that mimics a tomato enzyme known as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which tags proteins to be destroyed. Once injected, AvrPtoB binds the Fen protein, and the plant's own system eliminates it, allowing the bacteria to avoid detection and cause disease.

"This paper explains how a pathogen can evolve to escape detection," said lead author Tracy Rosebrock, a graduate student in Cornell's Department of Plant Pathology and BTI. "The bacterium has one specific protein that it uses to turn off the plant's immunity."

The researchers found that the Fen gene is present in both cultivated tomatoes and many wild tomato species, leading them to believe that the gene is likely ancient in origin and that many members of the tomato family have used it to resist P. syringae infections over the years. Since the Fen protein still detects AvrPtoB-like proteins from some strains of P. syringae, prompting an effective immune response, the researchers believe new P. syringae strains have only recently evolved a version of AvrPtoB that includes an E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme that interferes with the plant's surveillance.

"This paper provides molecular data that supports the evolutionary 'arms race' theory" that as pathogens develop new ways to spread and attack organisms, the organisms in turn create novel defenses, each in a continuous battle to outdo the other, said Rosebrock.

Source: Blaine Friedlander
Cornell University News Service
 
 
 
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