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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: brain cell + scientists discover + scientists  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/12/2008)

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The Tech Herald
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dBTechno
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Source: Google News

BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR: Capturing the Promise of Youth -
G Vogel - Science, 1999 - sciencemag.org
... become several different kinds of tissues: Brain cells can become ... Scientists are
now speeding ahead with work on ... will rival that of embryonic stem (ES) cells. ...

Introduction -
Z Hall, FE Bloom, G Fischbach - Neurobiology of Disease, 2000 - Elsevier
... Scientists began to use the chemistry of photography and color dyes used in textiles
for brain research ... to reveal the highly irregularly shaped cells of the ...

Inside the Brain: Revolutionary Discoveries of How the Mind Works -
R Kotulak - Preventive Medicine, 1998 - Elsevier
... The explosion of new knowledge has led scientists to a greater under- stressful ... standing
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Biomedical Discovery with DNA Arrays -
RA Young - Cell, 2000 - Elsevier
... that govern complex systems is the greatest challenge to scientists. ... the communication
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[BOOK] Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain -
MF Bear, BW Connors, MA Paradiso - 2006 - books.google.com
... third edi -tion, with new contributions from 24 esteemed scientists. ... behavior and
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Scientists in wonderland: A report on visualization applications inthe CAVE virtual reality …
C Cruz-Neira, J Leigh, M Papka, C Barnes, SM Cohen … - Virtual Reality, 1993. Proceedings., IEEE 1993 Symposium on …, 1993 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
... voltage history in real-time, and scientists who have ... more localized exploration
of excited brain areas during ... CAVE displays the vortex structure of a cell. ...

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G Vogel - Science, 2000 - sciencemag.org
... number of studies have surprised scientists by showing ... signal the unexpected power
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[BOOK] … How Genetic Information Is Produced and Manipulated by Scientists, Physicians, Employers, Insurance …
R Hubbard, E Wald - 1999 - Beacon Press

NEUROSCIENCE: New Brain Cells Prompt New Theory of Depression -
G Vogel - Science, 2000 - sciencemag.org
... But the recent discovery that the brain keeps ... waxing and waning patterns of brain
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[BOOK] The Humble Approach: Scientists Discover God
JM Templeton - 1998 - books.google.com
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Source: Google Scholar

Rutgers Scientists Discover Brain Cell Development Process Implicated in Mental Retardation, Finding May Lead to New Drug Therapies

Professor Firestein may be contacted at 732-445-8045 or e-mail firestein@biology.rutgers.edu

New Brunswick, N.J. – Scientists at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, have discovered a biological process in brain cell development that may help explain some causes of mental retardation. This understanding may one day help other researchers develop therapies that can reduce specific forms of retardation.

In a paper published in The Journal of Neuroscience, Rutgers cell biologists Hongxin Chen and Bonnie Firestein show that proteins of the Rho family, when excessively present in developing brain cells known as neurons, inhibit another protein that promotes healthy neuron development. Firestein earlier demonstrated how this protein, called cypin, promotes healthy branching patterns in the tree-like structures at the end of neurons that receive signals. Inadequate branching in these structures, called dendrites, has been observed in conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, autism and some types of mental retardation.

“Imbalances of Rho proteins have been known to affect dendrite branching, and therefore have been implicated in causing mental retardation,” said Firestein, associate professor of cell biology and neuroscience. “How this happens, however, has not been clear. Now we’re seeing that Rho proteins signal other proteins downstream. In our case, we discovered that a type of Rho protein called RhoA is inhibiting cypin production when it is overactive or present in excess. The resulting lack of cypin is detrimental to healthy branching development in dendrites.”

Firestein and Chen, a postdoctoral research fellow, believe that this finding offers a new potential target for future drug therapies aimed at promoting healthier dendrite branching. “Scientists could try to block Rho activity, but since Rho is present in lots of different types of cells, reducing Rho activity could have widespread side effects,” said Firestein. “Looking for a protein that Rho is signaling to could result in a more targeted treatment.”

Cypin is restricted to a few regions in the brain, most notably the hippocampus, which controls learning and memory. Faulty dendrite branching there is likely to cause retardation. Therefore, a therapy that focuses specifically on development of hippocampal neurons might be more effective and less harmful to other organs and tissues.

Firestein first identified and isolated cypin in 1999, and has recently focused on how it works in the hippocampus. Cypin assembles protein molecules called tubulin into microtubules, which form the long chain molecules that are structural basis, or the “skeleton,” of a dendrite. An effective assembly process is needed to form the branching patterns needed for proper functioning.

Contact: Carl Blesch
Rutgers University
732-932-7084, ext. 616
E-mail: cblesch@ur.rutgers.edu
 
 
 
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