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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: amnesia may + amnesia + theory  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/5/2008)

The Confabulating Mind: How the Brain Creates Reality
Am J Psychiatry (subscription) - May 1, 2008
Clinically relevant confabulation has always been relatively rare (in contrast to amnesia). Most patients had chronic alcoholism, infection, or nutritional ...
Bill Cosby: "I'm tired of losing to white people"
Tampabay.com, FL - May 4, 2008
His historical amnesia ? his assertion that many of the problems that pervade black America are of a recent vintage ? is simply wrong. ...
The Black Death of financial collapse
Asia Times Online, Hong Kong - Apr 9, 2008
They forgot what the mania of Wall Street can do to the reality of Main Street; and we shared their amnesia. From 1969 and especially from 1971, ...

Canada Free Press
What Came Before the Big Bang Might Have Been Eerily Similar
Canada Free Press, Canada - Apr 14, 2008
Bojowald described this as a sort of ?cosmic amnesia.? However Corichi and Singh have modified the LQG by approximating a key equation called the quantum ...
Prime-time survival time Which shows stay? Which will get the ax ...
Pioneer Press, MN - Apr 9, 2008
ALREADY CANCELED: "AMNESIA," "BIONIC WOMAN," "JOURNEYMAN," "LAS VEGAS," "LAW & ORDER: CRIMINAL INTENT," "MY DAD IS BETTER THAN YOUR DAD," "ONE VS. ...
Prime Time TV Tonight: College basketball championship on CBS
Asheville Citizen-Times, NC - Apr 6, 2008
Samantha has amnesia, but lease problems require her to move back in with her former boyfriend Todd. "High School Confidential," 10 pm, WE. ...
Television movies for the week of April 27
Pittsburgh Post Gazette, PA - Apr 26, 2008
A West Coast developer has amnesia after a car accident and begins to suspect his wife of treachery. (R) (2:00) AMC: Sun. 3:30 PM, 4 AM (CC) ? She Gets What ...
Source: Google News

Self-reported amnesia for abuse in adults molested as children -
J Briere, J Conte - Journal of Traumatic Stress, 1993 - Springer
... inhibition of violent abuse memories may be reinforced ... Although the notion of amnesia
as an active ... in the present instance is more problematic for his theory. ...

Visual memory-deficit amnesia: A distinct amnesic presentation and etiology -
DC Rubin, DL Greenberg - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the …, 1998 - pubmedcentral.nih.gov
... of severity of the two conditions may be related. ... is that 2 cases with severe amnesia
(26, 37 ... Nonetheless, consistent with the theory proposed, strong organized ...

Posttraumatic stress disorder with neurogenic amnesia for the traumatic event -
BS Layton, K Wardi-zonna - The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 1995 - informaworld.com
... Clinically, there are some interesting conse- quences that result from adopting
a theory in which PTSD and peri-accident amnesia may co- occur. ...

[BOOK] Memory, Amnesia, and the Hippocampal System -
NJ Cohen, H Eichenbaum - 1993 - books.google.com
... interested in get -ting to know the anatomy may want to ... is this set of issues about
memory, amnesia, and the ... We offer here an explication of a theory of memory ...

The animal model of human amnesia: long-term memory impaired and short-term memory intact. -
P Alvarez, S Zola-Morgan, LR Squire - Proc Natl Acad Sci US A, 1994 - pubmedcentral.nih.gov
... [PubMed]; Milner PM. A cell assembly theory of hippocampal amnesia. ... Modality-specific
retrograde amnesia of fear. Science. 1992 May 1;256(5057):675?677. ...

… Loss in Semantic Dementia and Medial Temporal Lobe Amnesia: a Challenge to Consolidation Theory. -
R Westmacott, L Leach, M Freedman, M Moscovitch - Neurocase, 2001 - informaworld.com
... is not always spared in amnesia (Nadel and ... To test consolidation theory against the
opposing view ... and that autobiographical significance may affect semantic ...

Betrayal Trauma: Traumatic Amnesia as an Adaptive Response to Childhood Abuse -
JJ Freyd - Ethics & Behavior, 1994 - Lawrence Earlbaum
... childhood abuse, to be considered along with the growing literature on trauma, child
abuse, and psychogenic amnesia. In the short run, the theory may help to ...

Priming effects in amnesia: Evidence for a dissociable memory function -
AP Shimamura - The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 1986 - informaworld.com
... For example, the brain areas damaged in amnesia may permit information that comes
to mind via priming to be recognized as familiar and otherwise used in ...

Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia and the hippocampal complex -
L Nadel, M Moscovitch - Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 1997 - Elsevier
... and non-human subjects have shown that retrograde amnesia is extensive and can
encompass much of a subject?s lifetime; the degree of loss may depend upon the ...

Developmental amnesia associated with early hypoxic-ischaemic injury -
DG Gadian, J Aicardi, KE Watkins, DA Porter, M … - Brain, 2000 - Oxford Univ Press
... for multiple comparisons, using distributional approximations from the theory of
random ... and in young adulthood this developmental amnesia may be sufficiently ...

Source: Google Scholar

Forget It: Old Theory On Amnesia May Be Wrong
Forty years of neurobiological research states that short-term memories are formed by modifying proteins, whereas long-term memories are shaped by new proteins. Thus, a class of drugs known to inhibit brain cells from manufacturing proteins are also known to prevent new memory formation, resulting in a form of amnesia.

A new study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA could turn this long-held notion on its ear, paving the way to new therapies for Alzheimer's and other diseases that cause dementia and memory loss. While researching the biochemical action triggered by the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin in the amygdala (involved in the formation of emotional memories), neuroscientists at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign noted a strange occurrence in the midbrain region.
The levels of three neurotransmitters-norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin-shot up 1,000 to 17,000 percent higher than their normal levels before abating to well below normal for eight to 48 hours.

"We know that anisomycin causes the large release of neurotransmitters," says senior study author Paul Gold, a professor in the university's Brain and Cognition Division. "Those neurotransmitters themselves regulate memory formation and that's the basis of the particular phenomenon."

Gold and his colleagues began their research on lab rats believing that neurotransmitter fluctuation modulated memory formation. To test their hypothesis, they placed the animals in a cage with one well-lit and one darkened compartment. During the training phase of the experiment, each time a rat ventured into the dark side, they would receive a shock to their feet. Forty-eight hours later, their memory was assessed by their hesitation to enter that compartment.

The team then injected anisomycin and propranolol, a drug that blocks norepinephrine receptors in the brain, into the amygdalae of rats. "We [essentially] blocked the biological consequences of the release of norepinephrine," Gold says, noting that it minimized the rats memory loss evidenced by their reluctance to enter the shock-inducing dark chamber. The amnesia caused by anisomycin was also less pronounced when they injected the rats with clenbuterol, a drug that causes norepinephrine release, when their neurotransmitter levels were low. Finally, when a high dose of norepinephrine was administered in lieu of anisomycin, before training, the excess neurotransmitter levels caused amnesia (just as the protein synthesis inhibitor had).

"Together," the study says, "these findings suggest that intra-amygdala injections of anisomycin interfere with memory formation by inducing extraordinary changes in the release profiles of [norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin]." Gold adds that follow-up studies will help determine whether all protein synthesis inhibitors have the same effect on neurotransmitters and, also, whether these findings apply to other brain regions.
Yadin Dudai, a neurobiologist at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, notes that protein synthesis has been known to modulate neurotransmitter levels since the 1960s. He adds that the link between novel protein production and memory formation has been observed in several neural circuits in organisms ranging from mollusks to mammals. "I am not confident that the results of this interesting paper indeed demote a dogma," Dudai says. "However, I am supportive of any attempt to reverify the role of macromolecular synthesis observed immediately after the encoding of memory."

According to Gold, if the neurotransmitter fluctuation-based view does demote the dogma, there could be implications for researchers searching for drugs to counteract the effects of dementia that occur in diseases such as Alzheimer's. Researchers will have new targets-neurotransmitters rather than proteins-toward which to tailor their therapies.

By Nikhil Swaminathan

http://sciam.com
 
 
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