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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: blood vessels + blood vessel + brain  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/12/2008)

Medical Breakthrough -- Vacuum Cleaner For The Brain
WQAD, IL -
A catheter goes from a small incision in the groin through blood vessels up to the blockage in the brain. A new study shows it restored blood flow in ...
Nigeria: Marfan Syndrome
AllAfrica.com, Washington -
It may affect the blood vessels and heart, eyes, skeleton and skin. Severity of damage varies on an individual basis ranging from mild to severe. ...
Zilver? stent for PAD
WHOI, IL -
A section of a blood vessel from another part of the body is attached to the affected leg artery, connecting an end of the donor vessel on each side of the ...
Alert to Alcoholic hepatitis
Daily Mirror, Sri Lanka - May 11, 2008
Increased blood pressure in the portal vein. Blood from your intestine, spleen and pancreas enters your liver through a large blood vessel called the portal ...
Robots with scalpels - First steps toward autonomous mechanical ...
WRAL.com, NC -
The results of a series of experiments on the robot system directing catheters inside synthetic blood vessels was published online in the journal IEEE ...

The U.S. Trotting Association Newsroom
Maria 'Miracle' Lofgren returns to the track
The U.S. Trotting Association Newsroom, OH - May 9, 2008
?I had an angioplasty and they inserted platinum coils in the blood vessel in my brain. Forty percent of the people who get this kind of surgery don?t ...
Diabetes Link To Alzheimer's Disease Explained
Science Daily (press release) - Apr 30, 2008
"Although the toxic beta amyloid peptide was first isolated from the brain blood vessels of Alzheimer's patients, the contribution of pathological changes ...
Noon News Health Guest for May 8, 2008
WXii 12.com, NC - May 8, 2008
A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain is blocked or bursts. Without blood and the oxygen it carries, part of the brain starts to die. ...

News 8 Austin
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy assists with traumatic injury
News 8 Austin, TX - May 7, 2008
As this is done repetitively, however, what seems to happen is new blood vessels are growing in the damaged areas and that makes the brain cells function ...
Patient Page
Journal of American Medical Association (subscription), IL - May 6, 2008
A stroke is usually caused by a blood clot getting lodged in the blood vessels supplying the brain with blood and oxygen. When this happens, brain cells ...
Source: Google News

Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation -
S Ogawa, TM Lee, AR Kay, DW Tank - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the …, 1990 - JSTOR
... contribute to BOLD contrast, while venous blood vessels containing de ... noninvasively
monitor in real time the blood oxygenation levels of brain areas in ...

Abnormal blood vessel development and lethality in embryos lacking a single VEGF allele -
P Carmeliet, V Ferreira, G Breier, S Pollefeyt, L … - Nature, 1996 - palgrave-journals.com
... Here we report that formation of blood vessels was abnormal ... tight dose-dependent
regulation of embryonic vessel development by ... Breier, G. & Risau, W. Brain Path ...

[PDF] Vascular-specific growth factors and blood vessel formation -
GD Yancopoulos, S Davis, NW Gale, JS Rudge, SJ … - Nature, 2000 - cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn
... may be important during blood vessel development, but ... retinopathy to inflammation
to brain oedema following ischaemic stroke? in which vessels become damaged ...
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Cortical blood vessels of the human brain.
HM Duvernoy, S Delon, JL Vannson - Brain Res Bull, 1981 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Brain Res Bull. 1981 Nov;7(5):519-79. Cortical blood vessels of the human brain.
Duvernoy HM, Delon S, Vannson JL. The study is divided into two parts. ...

Functional brain mapping by blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast magnetic resonance imaging. A … -
S Ogawa, RS Menon, DW Tank, SG Kim, H Merkle, JM … - Biophysical Journal, 1993 - Biophysical Soc
... contrast: a change in the signal strength of brain water protons ... field gradients
generated by paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin in nearby venous blood vessels. ...

… (GR43175), selectively blocks neurogenic plasma extravasation from blood vessels in dura mater. -
MG Buzzi, MA Moskowitz - British Journal of Pharmacology, 1990 - pubmedcentral.nih.gov
... Neurogenically mediated leakage of plasma protein occurs from blood vessels in
dura mater but not brain. J Neurosci. 1987 Dec;7(12):4129?4136. ...

Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic … -
S Ogawa, DW Tank, R Menon, JM Ellermann, SG Kim, H … - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the …, 1992 - JSTOR
... Which effects are im- portant will depend on the size of blood vessels in human
brain responsible for the BOLD image signal in a particular imaging condition ...

Magnetic resonance imaging of blood vessels at high fields: in vivo and in vitro measurements and … -
S Ogawa, TM Lee - Magn Reson Med, 1990 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Magnetic resonance imaging of blood vessels at high fields: in vivo and in ... image
contrast in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of the brain becomes observable at ...

… of vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes during embryonic blood vessel formation in the mouse -
SSIED From - Development, 1999 - dev.biologists.org
... vSMC/PC) - into many different types of blood vessels. Most, if not all, vessels
begin as endothelial ... in the recruitment of pericytes to brain capillaries and ...

… of Alzheimer's disease contain the same protein as the amyloid of plaque cores and blood vessels. -
CL Masters, G Multhaup, G Simms, J Pottgiesser, RN … - The EMBO Journal, 1985 - pubmedcentral.nih.gov
... disease contain the same protein as the amyloid of plaque cores and blood vessels. ...
Identification of prion amyloid filaments in scrapie-infected brain. Cell. ...

Source: Google Scholar

"Preconditioning" Helps Protect Brain's Blood Vessels From Stroke - Therapeutic Potential Of Harnessing Tissue's Own Defenses
Challenging brain tissue with a small noxious stimulus beforehand gives it a resilience that can lessen damage to blood vessels during a stroke, report researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York City.

"This preconditioning works along the theory of 'what doesn't kill me makes me stronger,'" explains senior researcher Dr. Costantino Iadecola, the George C. Cotzias distinguished professor of neurology and neuroscience and Director of Neurobiology at Weill Cornell, and attending neurologist at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center.

"We already knew that preconditioning helps minimize damage to heart tissue -- it's a strategy cardiologists routinely use today. And we know it can help protect brain cells -- neurons -- against stroke damage," Dr. Iadecola says. "Now, besides illuminating mechanisms involved in this process, our new study in mice demonstrates that preconditioning also shields the brain's blood vessels from stroke injury," he explains.
"The hope is that by studying this natural means of self-defense, we might develop potent pharmaceutical means of either preventing stroke or minimizing stroke damage," he says.

The findings appear as a special highlighted paper in the Journal of Neuroscience.

According to the National Stroke Association, stroke is the third leading killer of Americans and the number one cause of adult disability. And yet scientists have still not developed a truly effective means of treating these attacks.

"We knew that preconditioning -- giving the brain a slight noxious stimulus beforehand -- can strengthen brain cells against damage from a larger insult later on. This phenomenon occurs naturally in the human brain," explains lead researcher Dr. Alexander Kunz of the University of Dresden, Germany. Dr. Kunz worked on the study while at Weill Cornell.

But exactly how does preconditioning work, and can it come to the aid of the brain's vasculature, as well?

Based on their prior work, the researchers knew that the protective effect of preconditioning relies on a ubiquitous chemical in the blood called nitric oxide (NO). Injuries to tissues -- such as the ischemia that occurs in stroke -- activate certain enzymes that produce NO. This process also produces destructive, oxidative byproducts called free radicals.

According to the new study, NO combines with these free radicals to produce low levels of another molecule, called peroxynitrite.

"At higher levels, peroxynitrite is a very dangerous chemical for tissues," Dr. Iadecola explains. "But we discovered that at these lower concentrations, it's actually beneficial -- helping to preserve the function of blood vessels in the brain whenever a more toxic event occurs."

Normal mice given an inflammatory toxin called lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 24 hours before an induced stroke -- the preconditioning method used in this study -- had a 68 percent reduction in stroke intensity, the researchers found.

Preconditioning also boosted blood flow in areas of the brain unaffected by the stroke by 114 percent. However, mice that were genetically engineered so that they could not produce NO gained no such advantage from preconditioning. This suggests that NO and its chemical offspring, peroxynitrite, are essential to this protective process.

"Our study also demonstrates that preconditioning makes blood vessels more resilient against the damage caused by cerebral ischemia, just as it does for neurons," Dr. Iadecola notes. "After preconditioning, the vessels of the brain are impervious to the effects of the stroke and continue to function at a nearly normal level. That's something no one had shown before."

He stressed that it's far too dangerous to give patients peroxynitrite, so the goal here is to figure out how low concentrations of the chemical work their protective magic.
"What cell signaling mechanisms does it activate, for example? If we could find that out, we might be able to create a pharmaceutical mimic that could protect stroke patients," Dr. Iadecola says.

"The real novelty here is that we are looking for a stroke treatment that simply replicates strategies the brain is already using to protect itself," the researcher says. "There's a large population out there at high risk for stroke, and we believe this approach could really help them. It might even help minimize brain tissue damage should any stroke occur."

This work was supported by the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.

Co-researchers include Dr. Laibaik Park, Dr. Josef Anrather, Dr. Ping Zhou, Takato Abe and Eduardo Gallo -- all of the Division of Neurobiology at Weill Cornell Medical College.

Weill Cornell Medical College

Weill Cornell Medical College -- Cornell University's Medical School located in New York City -- is committed to excellence in research, teaching, patient care and the advancement of the art and science of medicine, locally, nationally and globally. Weill Cornell, which is a principal academic affiliate of NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, offers an innovative curriculum that integrates the teaching of basic and clinical sciences, problem-based learning, office-based preceptorships, and primary care and doctoring courses. Physicians and scientists of Weill Cornell Medical College are engaged in cutting-edge research in such areas as stem cells, genetics and gene therapy, geriatrics, neuroscience, structural biology, cardiovascular medicine, AIDS, obesity, cancer, psychiatry and public health -- and continue to delve ever deeper into the molecular basis of disease in an effort to unlock the mysteries behind the human body and the malfunctions that result in serious medical disorders. The Medical College -- in its commitment to global health and education -- has a strong presence in such places as Qatar, Tanzania, Haiti, Brazil, Salzburg, and Turkey. With the historic Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, the Medical School is the first in the U.S. to offer its M.D. degree overseas. Weill Cornell is the birthplace of many medical advances -- from the development of the Pap test for cervical cancer to the synthesis of penicillin, the first successful embryo-biopsy pregnancy and birth in the U.S., the world's first clinical trial for gene therapy for Parkinson's disease, and, most recently, the first indication of bone marrow's critical role in tumor growth.

http://www.med.cornell.edu
 
 
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