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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: immune system + cancer vaccines + cancer  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/12/2008)

Diagnosis: Cancer, but Hope Evolving
RedOrbit, TX -
Vaccines against cancer are being researched, he said, but results "aren't spectacular yet." Vakiner said new discoveries in diagnosis and drug treatment ...
Start of Phase II Clinical Study for Rabies Monoclonal Antibody ...
CNNMoney.com - 30 minutes ago
Crucell's proprietary MAbstract? technology can be used to discover drug targets, such as cancer markers or proteins from infectious agents including ...CRXL
Older adults may be vulnerable to kids' diseases
London Free Press, Canada -
As both groups head toward the so-called golden years when possible waning immunity may be exacerbated by the age-related decline of the immune system, ...
Promising research for multiple myeloma
WTNH, CT -
... to harness or boost the capacity of the immune system to resist myeloma in patients and to develop vaccines, so that we can prevent occurrence of cancer ...

University of Arizona News (press release)
Steele Children?s Research Center?s Novel Cancer Vaccine
University of Arizona News (press release), AZ - May 8, 2008
These antigens are needed for the immune system to identify the cancer to initiate an immune response to both destroy the existing tumor cells and boost the ...
Nventa Announces Additional Positive Immunological Data From HspE7 ...
Canada NewsWire (press release), Canada -
<< About Nventa Corporation: >> Nventa is developing innovative therapeutics for the treatment of viral infections and cancer, with a focus on diseases ...TSE:NVN
Vical to Present at Upcoming Investor Conferences
PR Newswire (press release), NY -
The company is developing certain infectious disease vaccines and cancer therapeutics internally. In addition, the company collaborates with major ...VICL
Immunotherapy: Enlisting The Immune System To Fight Cancer
Science Daily (press release) - Apr 17, 2008
"CTLA-4 blockade works by removing the brakes on the immune system. Our results show that enhancing immune responses in prostate cancer patients can lead to ...

Business Wire (press release)
Experimental Cancer Vaccines Show Promise
U.S. News & World Report, DC - Apr 15, 2008
This vigorous immune response is what researchers are hoping will give the vaccine a fighting chance against cervical cancer. ...
Phase I/II Results Promising for Live Listeria Cancer Vaccine Newswise (press release)
Advaxis Discloses Clinical Results of the First Ever Live Listeria ... PharmaLive.com (press release)
all 18 news articles »  OTC:ADXS
Lipid Sciences Broadens Intellectual Property Portfolio With Two ...
PharmaLive.com (press release), PA - May 7, 2008
The second patent, "A Method of Treating Cancer Cells to Create a Modified Cancer Cell that Provokes an Immunogenic Response," covers the ability of the ...LIPD
Source: Google News

Cancer vaccines -
DM Pardoll - Cancer, 1998 - nature.com
... approaches aimed at exposing cancer antigens to the cellular arm of the immune system,
and the first, promising steps toward therapeutic cancer vaccines. ...
-

Cancer immunotherapy: moving beyond current vaccines -
SA Rosenberg, JC Yang, NP Restifo - Nature Medicine, 2004 - nature.com
... immune system itself are among the mechanisms that can prevent tumor destruction
by immune cells 25, 26 . These obstacles must be overcome if cancer vaccines ...

Dendritic cells as therapeutic vaccines against cancer.
J Banchereau, AK Palucka - Nat Rev Immunol, 2005 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
... jacquesb@baylorhealth.edu Mouse studies have shown that the immune system can reject
tumours, and the identification of ... Vaccines against cancer aim to ...

Simultaneous Humoral and Cellular Immune Response against Cancer-Testis Antigen NY-ESO-1: Definition … -
E Jager, YT Chen, JW Drijfhout, J Karbach, M … - Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1998 - Rockefeller Univ Press
... is needed to develop polyvalent vaccines with broader ... two new members of the
cancer-testis antigenic ... are usually inaccessible to the immune system may account ...

Failure of cancer vaccines: the significant limitations of this approach to immunotherapy. -
B Bodey, B Bodey Jr, SE Siegel, HE Kaiser - Anticancer Res, 2000 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
... The cancer vaccine approach to therapy is based on the notion that the immune system
could possibly mount a rejection strength response against the ...

… Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Peptides: A Phase II Prostate Cancer Vaccine Trial Involving … -
W Seattle - The Prostate, 1999 - doi.wiley.com
... defined [1,2]. Dendritic cells (DC) are considered the most potent APC of the immune
system [2]. Our approach to a prostate cancer vaccine utilizes cultured ...

[PDF] Papillomaviruses and cancer: from basic studies to clinical application -
H zur Hausen - Nature Reviews Cancer, 2002 - mcdb.colorado.edu
... NATURE REVIEWS | CANCER ... the HLA recep- tors and the cellular recognition system for
presented ... The escape from immune-surveil- lance mechanisms emerges as one ...
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Cancer vaccines: between the idea and the reality -
OJ Finn - Nature Reviews Immunology, 2003 - edoctorale.bordeaux.inserm.fr
... Additional challenges facing cancer vaccines Aging immune system. Patients
with cancer in whom cancer vaccines are presently being ...

DENDRITIC CELL VACCINES FOR CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY -
JM Timmerman, MD, R Levy, MD - Annual Reviews in Medicine, 1999 - Annual Reviews
... However, recent insights into immune system function have fostered a ... the initiation
of cell-mediated immune responses ... in their use in cancer vaccines and their ...

Immune and Clinical Responses in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma to CD34+ Progenitor-derived … -
J Banchereau, AK Palucka, M Dhodapkar, S … - Cancer Research, 2001 - AACR
... antigens have been defined, the immune system may be ... and global immunosuppression
in advanced cancer (7, 8 ... Unfortunately, most human tumor vaccine studies have ...

Source: Google Scholar

Cancers Evade The Body's Immune System So Anticancer Vaccines Mostly Fail
Scientists at Johns Hopkins and elsewhere say they have mapped out an escape route that cancers use to evade the body's immune system, allowing the disease to spread unchecked.

In a report published in the July 1 issue of the journal Nature Medicine, the Hopkins team, along with researchers from Florida and Nebraska, describe how myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which normally keep the immune system in check and prevent it from attacking otherwise healthy tissue, can suppress the anti-tumor response to cancer.

These suppressor cells block other immune system cells, CD8 'killer' T cells, from binding with proteins that identify the foreign antigens on the surface of unhealthy cancer cells, marking them for destruction, the team reports.
The good news, they say, is that their experiments also suggest that the chain reactions in T-cell tolerance are reversible, raising the possibility of vaccine and drug therapies that break through the blocked immune system.

Previous research had confirmed that MDSCs, produced in the bone marrow, were attracted to tumors, but until now, scientists had not identified exactly how the cells inhibit the immune system's ability to mount an attack.

By explaining some of the precise biological workings of MDSCs in cancer the team's findings suggest why experimental cancer vaccines have to date been plagued by T-cell tolerance, a weakened rather than strengthened immune response, says Jonathan Schneck, M.D., Ph.D., one of the study's authors.

"Our findings also open up a new door in drug and vaccine development that we never knew existed and provide another opportunity for drug development into autoimmune diseases, where the immune system is in overdrive and needs to be slowed down," says Schneck, a professor of medicine, pathology and oncology at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and its Kimmel Cancer Center.

The team's latest report built on research initially conducted at the University of South Florida, where researchers analyzed blood samples and lymph tissue from healthy mice injected with MDSCs and found that T-cell levels remained the same, indicating that MDSCs did not destroy the immune response but apparently altered how the T cells behaved.

Using chemical tests in which individual tumor cells can be tagged with a fluorescent dye that allows them to glow when they are not bound to T cells, Florida researchers measured the immune response in mice to various foreign proteins, with and without injections of MDSCs. They found an 80 percent suppression of the immune response in the presence of MDSCs, confirming that the suppressor cells were inactivating the T cells.

The Florida team then turned to Schneck, who in 1993 developed several novel proteins to test how various antigens, such as those on cancer cells, specifically latch on to T cells.

Researchers then began experiments to determine if the MDSC T-cell interference was simply genetic or had some biochemical explanation, testing a half-dozen major reactions known to occur during infection to see if any set path was particularly active during interference.

In tissue tests from tumor-filled mice bred to lack a biochemical reaction, the scientists found that one specific pathway, the reactive-oxygen species, or ROS pathway, stood out, because when inactivated, T-cell tolerance did not develop. Researchers were surprised when subsequent tests showed that ROS actually modified the T cells, altering their structure so they could no longer bind to tumor-cell antigens.
When a known byproduct of ROS, the chemical peroxynitriate, was neutralized, T-cell tolerance failed to develop in test tube studies, pinning down peroxynitrate as the culprit prohibiting immune cell binding to and marking of 'foreign' tumor cells.

"Peroxynitrate activity is the escape hatch, and now that we have identified it, we can try to cut it off before T-cell tolerance develops, or you can reverse it," says Schneck.

Plans are underway to investigate the binding receptors of MDCSs and different anticancer drugs for their ability to lower levels of MDSCs and to explore the role of MDSCs in suppressing the immune response to stress, bacterial and viral infections, organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. Their goal, researchers say, is to find some means of accelerating or slowing down T-cell activity gone awry.

Study support was provided with funding from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the National Cancer Institute, both members of the National Institutes of Health.

Study co-authors include Kapil Gupta, Ph.D., from Hopkins; Srinavas Nagaraj, Loveleen Kang, Donna Herber and Dimitry I. Gabrilovich, Ph.D., from the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center at the University of South Florida; and Vladimir Pisarev, Leo Kinarsky and Simon Sherman from the University of Nebraska Medical Center and Eppley Cancer Center. Gabrilovich was the study senior author.

Source: David March
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
 
 
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