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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: diagnostic dilemma + test takers + test  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/5/2008)

Medical Malpractice Suits Cause More Expenses and Fewer Doctors
BYU Newsnet, UT -
This equates to spending more time, and money, administering diagnostic tests that cover a broad range of possible maladies. ...
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scans for Asymptomatic Patients ...
RedOrbit, TX - May 3, 2008
The low prevalence of brain lesions makes effective early detection difficult even with accurate diagnostic techniques. Magnetic resonance imaging could ...
63-Year-Old Man With Cryptogenic Cirrhosis and Dyspnea
RedOrbit, TX - May 3, 2008
A recent prospective study by Lima et al2 found PAO^sub 2^- PaO^sub 2^ to be a more reliable index than PaO^sub 2^, even when the diagnostic parameter for ...
Doctors Are Being Squeezed as Insurance Companies Tighten Belts
DOTmed.com (press release), NY - Apr 30, 2008
As insurance companies become more restrictive in reimbursing private-practice physicians, doctors are faced with a dilemma: They want to provide their ...
Bipolar disorder: 'It's nothing to be ashamed of'
Portsmouth Herald News, NH - Apr 24, 2008
Beyond the diagnostic dilemma, Golkowski said parents also have their own concerns. "For some parents trying to help their child, a diagnosis may provide ...
Ask Maggie Rose: Worrying about confusion in later life
Belmont Citizen-Herald, MA - May 1, 2008
I can certainly understand your concern for your friend?s dilemma. If the facts are as your friend suggests, something very immediate needs to be done. ...
Health & Fitness : TriMark Publications Announces TriMark Cancer ...
Prudent Press Agency (press release), Netherlands - Apr 28, 2008
The clinical dilemma facing non-invasive biomarker assays. Linking circulating biomarkers in treatment of metastatic breast cancer. ...

Ortho SuperSite
Intraosseous Glomus Tumor In Acromion Process Of Scapula
Ortho SuperSite, NJ - Apr 24, 2008
Following standard protocols when approaching a patient in diagnostic dilemma is helpful. This article presents a case of a glomus tumor of the acromion ...
Int. Meeting to Assess Areas of Consensus, Disagreement Regarding ...
Newswise (press release) - May 2, 2008
The challenge is to identify (when possible) well-defined entities with discriminative symptoms, founded on robust diagnostic signs. ...

WTN News
CIO touts integration of genetic data with electronic health records
WTN News, WI - Apr 30, 2008
Not only will physicians apply diagnostic logic to determine when genetic tests are needed, patients won't be shy about requesting them. ...
Source: Google News

[BOOK] Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing -
LF Bachman - 1990 - books.google.com
... concerns in language testing, including diagnostic, achievement, and ... of language
tests and a dilemma for language ... in that they require test takers to interact ...

[BOOK] Assessment and testing
R Wood - 2001 - informaworld.com
... assessment, criterion- referenced testingand diagnostic assessment. ... The dilemma of
whether to penalize ... partial knowledge, in which test takers either eliminate ...
-

A framework for developing cognitively diagnostic assessments -
PD Nichols - Review of Educational Research, 1994 - JSTOR
... reveal the mechanisms used by test takers in responding ... development of traditional
and diagnostic assessments ... were developed to confront the dilemma of educators ...

[BOOK] Psychological Testing: Principles and Applications
KR Murphy, CO Davidshofer - 1994 - Prentice Hall

[BOOK] Developing and Validating Multiple-Choice Test Items -
TM Haladyna - 2004 - books.google.com
... test score that is based on the test taker's responses to ... items meet your needs in
developing a test or assessing ... we would like to mea -sure, a dilemma we face ...

Psychometric issues in Testing Students With Disabilities -
KF Geisinger - Applied Measurement in Education, 1994 - Lawrence Earlbaum
... extends to the exact materials employed, time limits, oral instructions, preliminary
demonstrations, ways of handling queries from test takers, and every other ...

[BOOK] High Stakes: Testing for Tracking, Promotion, and Graduation -
JP Heubert, RM Hauser - 1999 - books.google.com
... (1 ) measurement validity?whether a test is valid for a particular purpose, and
whether it accurately measures the test taker's knowledge in the content area ...

Language Testing and Technology: Past and Future. -
M Chalhoub-Deville - Language, Learning & Technology, 2001 - questia.com
... sponsored the DIALANG project, which provides diagnostic assessment in ... The innovator's
dilemma: When new technologies cause great firms ... Test theory reconceived ...

[BOOK] Testing Handicapped People
WW Willingham - 1988 - Allyn & Bacon

A computer adaptive testing simulation applied to the FIM instrument motor component -
MP Dijkers - Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2003 - Elsevier
... on the consistency of the test taker and other ... of the persons to whom the test was
administered. Rasch analysis also provides diagnostic indices that indicate ...

Source: Google Scholar

Diagnostic Dilemma: Cognitive Scores Vary As Much Within Test Takers As Between Age Groups, Making One-Session Testing Less Valid
How precise are tests used to diagnose learning disability, progressive brain disease or impairment from head injury? Timothy Salthouse, PhD, a noted cognitive psychologist at the University of Virginia, has demonstrated that giving a test only once isn't enough to get a clear picture of someone's mental functioning. It appears that repeating tests over a short period may give a more accurate range of scores, improving diagnostic workups.

The study is published in the July issue of Neuropsychology, which is published by the American Psychological Association (APA).
Salthouse gave 16 common cognitive and neuropsychological tests to evenly divided participants (90 in the first, 1600 in the second) into groups of ages 18-39, 50-59 and 60-97 years old. In both studies, the variation between someone's scores on the same test given three times over two weeks was as big as the variation between the scores of people in different age groups. It's as if on the same test, someone acted like a 20-year-old on a Monday, a 45-year-old the following Friday, and a 32-year-old the following Wednesday. This major inconsistency raises questions about the worth of single, one-time test scores.

"I don't think many people would have expected that the variability would be this large, and apparent in a wide variety of cognitive tests - not simply tests of speed or alertness," says Salthouse.

Psychologists frequently use tests of vocabulary, word recall, spatial relations, pattern comparison and the like to understand normal function and diagnose impairment. Experts use the scores to differentiate between diagnoses, detect changes in level of functioning or to give a diagnosis in the first place. Where scores fall relative to standardized cutoffs affects treatment, insurance, education plans and more. Yet the apparent fuzziness of one-time assessments could make it hard to tell whether someone is truly impaired, or truly improving or worsening, instead of showing normal short-term fluctuation.

Accordingly, Salthouse has come to believe that everyone has a range of typical performances, a one-person bell curve. Any given test will net a performance somewhere along that curve, as when a hitter's good and bad days are factored into a seasonal batting average. Some persons' scores would hew more closely to their average, but for those who have high internal variation, classification based on one assessment could be way off the mark.

Salthouse says it may be time to view cognitive abilities as a distribution of many potential levels of performance instead of as one stable short-term level. He proposes the use of a "measurement burst" procedure that bases understanding on several parallel assessments within a relatively short period. Results gained in this manner are likely to be more stable, offering a better basis for calibrating individual change.

Before any procedural updates, Salthouse says, "More will have to be learned about this phenomenon and the conditions under which it operates." Multiple assessments involve more time and expense but may be necessary, he notes, to distinguish short-term fluctuation from true ability level. In addition, psychologists would have to develop new test norms and truly equivalent versions of the same test.

Finally, Salthouse believes that measures of within-person variability could be a useful diagnostic marker in their own right. For example, he and other cognitive psychologists are discussing whether wilder fluctuations within one person's test scores are an early warning of mental decline.
"Implications of Within-Person Variability in Cognitive and Neuropsychological Functioning for the Interpretation of Change,"
Timothy A. Salthouse, PhD, University of Virginia; Neuropsychology, Vol. 21, No. 4.

Full text of the article is available from the APA Public Affairs Office and at http://www.apa.org/journals/releases/neu214401.pdf

The American Psychological Association (APA), in Washington, DC, is the largest scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States and is the world's largest association of psychologists. APA's membership includes more than 148,000 researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants and students. Through its divisions in 54 subfields of psychology and affiliations with 60 state, territorial and Canadian provincial associations, APA works to advance psychology as a science, as a profession and as a means of promoting human welfare.

American Psychological Association
 
 
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