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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: birds fly + flying speed + birds  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/5/2008)


Waikato Times
Three fine feathered friends fly in
Waikato Times, New Zealand - May 2, 2008
It took a little bit of coaxing and the gentle tipping of transport boxes before the three birds whizzed out into the aviary, flying at speed into the mesh ...
SIDE STREETS: City doesn?t have the cash to slow down some speeders
Colorado Springs Gazette, CO -
In the mornings, Prospect residents wake up to a line of cars parked on the east side of the street as early birds line up at the gate for dawn tee times. ...
Extension connection: Attack of the birds
Canton Daily Ledger, IL - Apr 26, 2008
If the bird is flying at full speed, injury or death of the bird may be the outcome. Where birds are pecking or fluttering around glass in the spring, ...

Khaleej Times
I believe I can fly...
Khaleej Times, United Arab Emirates - May 2, 2008
As I glided through the clouds, it was as if the birds grew envious of my encroachment. In the far distance the skyline of Dubai glittered like a scene from ...
Cover Story
Artvoice, NY - Apr 30, 2008
If 590 feet is an issue (none of the birds mentioned is incapable of flying above 590 feet), why wouldn?t the birds fly between the pylons, ...
Where eagles dare: Parahawk with nature
Mail on Sunday, UK - Apr 26, 2008
At weekends they would fly birds on the Thames Estuary, letting them hunt mice and rats. "While other kids were playing Atari, I would be out flying our ...
Shorebird disturbances become a matter of survival
North Florida NewsDaily, FL - Apr 28, 2008
Minimizing disturbance to concentrations of birds is the key to conserving them. Do not intentionally force birds to fly. If you see birds on a beach, ...
Survival of the dumbest
Guardian, UK - Apr 13, 2008
Fritz and his team fly at roughly the same altitude and at the same deliberate pace as the birds to guide them along the chosen course, which last year ...
High-flying Moths Don't Just Go With The Flow
Science Daily (press release) - Apr 7, 2008
They then select their flying altitude so as to stay within the fastest winds, thus maximizing their speed. Third, they fly in a roughly downwind direction, ...
A Natural View
West Yellowstone News, MT - May 2, 2008
Some of these migratory birds wait for snow to melt in higher elevation sites where they will nest. Sandhill cranes returned to their usual haunts by ...
Source: Google News

Optimal Flight Speed of Birds -
A Hedenstrom, T Alerstam - Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 1995 - JSTOR
... foraging gain ratio currencies of optimal flight speed both when searching for food
and when flying between foraging patches. Second, when birds fly very low ...

A reassessment of the effect of body mass upon flight speed and predation risk in birds -
JS VEASEY, NB METCALFE, DC HOUSTON - Animal Behaviour, 1998 - Elsevier
... air?s resistance to the bird?s body is likely to act in a similar way when a bird
is flying vertically, we ... If birds making routine flights fly at a ...

Optimal Flight Speed in Birds When Feeding Young. -
A Norberg - Journal of Animal Ecology, 1981 - JSTOR
... The largest birds capable of active flight cannot produce enough power to fly at
their maximum range speed; they seem barely able to fly at the minimum power ...

The metabolic cost of flight in unrestrained birds -
JR Torre-Bueno - Journal of Experimental Biology, 1978 - jeb.biologists.org
... In a study in which starlings were given a choice of flight speeds, 13-5 m/s was
the preferred speed (Torre-Bueno, 1975). One bird was forced to fly briefly at ...

Formation Flight of Birds -
PBS Lissaman, CA Shollenberger - Science, 1970 - sciencemag.org
... can readily be sensed, making it easy and natural for the bird to fly optimally. ...
magnitude if the ratio of the tip flapping speed to the flight speed is low ...

Diurnal Variation in Flight Performance and Hence Potential Predation Risk in Small Birds -
NB Metcalfe, SE Ure - Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 1995 - JSTOR
... importance than flying speed. In contrast, small ground-feeding granivorous birds
typically feed very close to (or under) bushes and trees and fly upwards into ...

Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model -
CW Reynolds - ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, 1987 - portal.acm.org
... by Wayne Ports is that the birds perceive the ... chooses its course this way will fly
a reasonable ... During high-speed flight, hesitation or indeci- sion is the ...

THE SPEED AND ALTITUDE OF BIRD FLIGHT (WITH NOTES ON OTHER ANIMALS)
R Meinertzhagen - Ibis, 1955 - Blackwell Synergy
... A problem in bird flight which has long puzzled me and ... been explained, is how a bird
can fly against a ... whose velocity is greater than the bird's maximum speed. ...

Impaired Predator Evasion in Fat Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) -
C Kullberg, T Fransson, S Jakobsson - Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 1996 - JSTOR
... It is reasonable to suggest that a bird performing a normal take-off will make a
trade-off between flight speed and energy expenditure and thus fly slower when ...

… Costs of Asymmetry in the Wings and Tail of Birds: Asymmetric Birds can't Fly round Tight Corners -
ALR Thomas - Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 1993 - JSTOR
... show, to the same scale, the minimum radius circle this bird could fly with both
wings and tail spread to generate maximum lift at 5 m s-1 flight speed. ...

Source: Google Scholar

What Determines The Speed At Which Birds Fly?
Aerodynamic scaling rules that explain how flight varies according to weight and wing loading have been used to compare general speeds of a wide range of flyers, from the smallest insects to the largest aircraft. In a paper published this week in the open access journal PLoS Biology, Thomas Alerstam, Mikael Rosen, and colleagues from the University of Lund in Sweden analyze the flight speeds of 138 bird species and overturn the general assumption that maximum flight speed of a species is solely determined by such rules. Flight speed doesn't just depend on the size of the bird (mass and wing loading), but also reflects functional constraints and the evolutionary lineage of the species in question.
The authors argue that only empirical measurements of flight speeds enable you to evaluate how general such aerodynamic rules really are. They used tracking radar measurements of the cruising speeds of migrating birds (collected by themselves and others) to do the analysis and provide the comprehensive dataset with the paper (e.g. this contains the flight speed of approximately one-third of all European bird species). Their analysis reveals that the difference between the speed of small and large birds is not as great as expected; they suggest that this surprising result is likely to be the result of disadvantages associated with very slow speeds among smaller birds and with very fast speeds for larger birds. They also show that the evolutionary history of the species helps explain much of the variation in flight speed: species of the same group tend to fly at similar characteristic speeds. For example, birds of prey and herons had slow flight speeds, on average, given their mass and wing loading, whereas the average speed for songbirds and shorebirds was faster than would be predicted.

This study suggests that there are different functional adaptations affecting flight differently among different types of bird, and that there exists a diversity of cruising flight characteristics among birds that remain to be explored and understood.

"Flight speeds among bird species: Allometric and phylogenetic effects."
Alerstam T, Rose´n M, Ba¨ckman J, Ericson PGP, Hellgren O (2007)
PLoS Biol 5(8): e197. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050197.
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