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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: human genome + recent changes + genome  Related to the article below (Last Update: 5/12/2008)


Economist
Eight New Human Genome Projects Offer Large-scale Picture Of ...
Science Daily (press release) - May 1, 2008
... or single-nucleotide polymorphisms -- changes on the scale of a single base pair. More recent research on the human genome has shown, however, ...
Gene therapy Seeing is believing Economist
all 12 news articles »
Playtypus is our distant cousin, according to genome research
Advertiser Adelaide, Australia - May 7, 2008
A comparison of the DNA sequence, or "platypus genome", to human DNA reveals striking similarities. The results of four years of research by a large ...
New Map Reveals Dynamic Variation in Human Genome
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MD - Apr 30, 2008
?In fact, more bases are involved in structural changes in the genome than are involved in single-base-pair changes.? In various parts of our genome, ...
Charting The Epigenome: Zooming In On Genome-wide DNA At Single ...
Science Daily (press release) - Apr 17, 2008
"We looked at a plant genome but our method can be applied to any system, including humans," says Lister. Although the human genome is about 20 times bigger ...
Strategic Diagnostics Reports First Quarter 2008 Results
Business Wire (press release), CA - May 1, 2008
Such risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, changes in demand for products, delays in product development, delays in market acceptance of new ...
Strategic Diagnostics Inc. Enters Ad-Hoc-News (Pressemitteilung)
all 8 news articles »  SDIX
Epic Genetics: Genes? chemical clothes may underlie the biology ...
Science News - May 9, 2008
In recent years, researchers have searched the genome for mutations linked to mental illness. The scans have been fruitful, perhaps too fruitful. ...
Stress a Main Component of Functional Somatic Syndrome
RedOrbit, TX - May 9, 2008
The Human Genome project, which has mapped out the entire sequence of human DNA, will start to help us understand individual genetic makeup and individual ...
DOR BioPharma Announces Appointment of Christopher J. Schaber, PhD ...
CNNMoney.com - May 9, 2008
... Inc., Emergent BioSolutions, Hematech, Inc., a subsidiary of Kirin Pharma Company, Ltd., Human Genome Sciences, Inc., Iomai Vaccines, NanoViricides, ...OTC:DORB

Business Wire (press release)
Illumina and Genpathway Announce Partnership to Provide Whole ...
Business Wire (press release), CA - Apr 30, 2008
Samples are first prepared using Genpathway?s FactorPath ChIP assays, and then sequenced by the Genome Analyzer through Illumina?s Sequencing Services. ...ILMN
Full Text
Science Magazine (subscription) - Apr 24, 2008
Sabeti, who burst on the scientific scene in 2002 with a novel test for natural selection in the human genome, has been racing to meet the submission ...
Source: Google News

[PDF] Detecting recent positive selection in the human genome from haplotype structure -
PC Sabeti, DE Reich, JM Higgins, HZP Levine, DJ … - Nature, 2002 - gmap.net
... 21 . In this fashion, it should be possible to shed light on how the human genome
was shaped by recent changes in culture and environment. ...
-

The Sequence of the Human Genome -
JC Venter, MD Adams, EW Myers, PW Li, RJ Mural, GG … - Science, 2001 - sciencemag.org
... changes in the public genome effort subsequent to the formation of Celera (29),
led to a modified whole-genome shotgun sequencing approach to the human genome. ...

Recent duplication, domain accretion and the dynamic mutation of the human genome -
EE Eichler - Trends in Genetics, 2001 - Elsevier
... The finding of recent segmental duplications does not detract ... change to the equation
of genome evolution. ... of its architecture in the human genome, the mechanism ...

Phylogenetic Shadowing of Primate Sequences to Find Functional Regions of the Human Genome -
D Boffelli, J McAuliffe, D Ovcharenko, KD Lewis, I … - Science, 2003 - sciencemag.org
... regions of the human genome performing general biological functions shared with
evolutionarily distant mammals, they will invariably miss recent changes in DNA ...

Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome -
ES Lander, LM Linton, B Birren, C Nusbaum, MC Zody … - Nature, 2001 - garfield.library.upenn.edu
... Bailey JA; Gu ZP; Clark RA; Reinert K; Samonte RV; Schwartz S; Adams MD; Myers EW;
Li PW; Eichler EE Recent segmental duplications in the human genome, 35, 20. ...

A high-resolution recombination map of the human genome -
A Kong, DF Gudbjartsson, J Sainz, GM Jonsdottir, … - Nature Genetics, 2002 - nature.com
... and may contribute substantially to human phenotypic variation ... Recent studies 23,
24 of linkage disequilibrium at a few ... available for the whole genome, it will ...

Unlocking the potential of the human genome with RNA interference -
GJ Hannon, JJ Rossi - Nature, 2004 - nature.com
... Indeed, given the recent completion of the human, mouse and ... Genome-wide libraries
of siRNAs can be constructed in fundamentally different ways, including ...

The Protein Kinase Complement of the Human Genome -
G Manning, DB Whyte, R Martinez, T Hunter, S … - Science, 2002 - sciencemag.org
... cases, our additional sequence greatly changes the predicted ... 2 indicates the extent
of recent new sequence ... The sequencing of the human genome has provided a ...

A map of recent positive selection in the human genome -
BF Voight, S Kudaravalli, X Wen, JK Pritchard - PLoS Biol, 2006 - biology.plosjournals.org
... Each of these kinds of changes likely resulted in ... a first-generation map of selection
across the human genome. ... where there is strong, very recent, selection in ...

Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome.
N My - Nature, 2005 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
... We also use the chimpanzee genome as an outgroup to investigate human population
genetics ... identify signatures of selective sweeps in recent human evolution. ...

Source: Google Scholar

Recent Changes Discovered In The Human Genome
A Cornell study of genome sequences in African-Americans, European-Americans and Chinese suggests that natural selection has caused as much as 10 percent of the human genome to change in some populations in the last 15,000 to 100,000 years, when people began migrating from Africa.

The study, published inPLoS (Public Library of Science) Genetics, looked for areas where most members of a population showed the same genetic changes. For example, the researchers found evidence of recent selection on skin pigmentation genes, providing the genetic data to support theories proposed by anthropologists for decades that as anatomically modern humans migrated out of Africa and experienced different climates and sunlight levels, their skin colors adapted to the new environments.
However, the study found no evidence of differences in genes that control brain development among the various geographical groups, as some researchers have proposed in the past.

"We undertook a very careful study of genetic differences within and among major human groups, and aimed to explain why certain parts of the genome differed," said Scott Williamson, the study's lead author and a Cornell assistant professor of biological statistics and computational biology. "We aimed to eliminate as many possible confounding variables as possible, and when all is said and done, we find that as much as 10 percent of the genome may have been affected by one of these bouts of recent selection."

Previous studies at Cornell and elsewhere have searched for signs of selection -- the divergence of genes from a common ancestor millions of years ago -- by comparing an individual human to a chimpanzee or mouse, for example, or by comparing genetic variation in protein coding genes among humans to differences between humans and a chimpanzee. But this study scanned genome sequences that compared many humans to each other throughout the entire genome, with new strict statistical methods that correct for many potential biases that creep into this kind of analysis.

In the latest study, the researchers identified 101 regions of the human genome with strong evidence of very recent selection. These regions include genes that control proteins that help muscle cells attach to surrounding cells (mutations of this gene lead to muscular dystrophy), receptors that relate to hearing, genes involved in nervous system function and development, immune system genes and heat shock genes.

The gene scan method also detected selection in a gene involved in digestion of lactose, an enzyme found in milk. Prior to animal domestication, humans lost the ability to digest milk after infancy. But, as humans migrated and domesticated animals, Europeans and other populations developed a gene for tolerating lactose (and milk) throughout their lives. This finding has been well established in previous research, so arriving at similar results provided an internal validation for the accuracy of the new method.
Overall, close to 10 percent of the Chinese and European-American genomes and only 1 percent of the African-American genome were linked to areas with evidence of recent selection. Since Africans have the greatest genetic diversity and the statistical method searched for areas where the majority of members within a population group have the same genetic changes, signs of evolution were much easier to detect in the less diverse European-American and Chinese genomes.

"It is important to emphasize that the research does not state that one group is more evolved or better adapted than another," said co-author Carlos Bustamante, a Cornell assistant professor of biological statistics and computational biology. "Rather as humans have populated the world, there has been strong selective pressure at the genetic level for fortuitous mutations that allow digestion of a new food source or tolerate infection by a pathogen that the population may not have faced in a previous environment."

Rasmus Nielsen, an adjunct professor of biological statistics and computational biology at Cornell and now a professor at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, is the paper's senior author.

Source: Blaine Friedlander
Cornell University News Service
 
 
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