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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: seat belt + would save + primary  Related to the article below (Last Update: 7/1/2008)

Buckle up: Seat-belt use saves lives
The Daily Advertiser, LA - Jun 26, 2008
The most recent ACEP report on use of safety restraints says seat belts save nearly 14600 lives each year and prevent 32000 injuries. ...
OL mayor calls seat belt stops "Big Brotherish"
Southtown Star, IL - Jun 25, 2008
... noted wryly that when the original seat belt law was passed, advocates said it would never be used as the primary reason for a vehicle stop by police. ...
Ban on use of handheld cellphones while driving starts Tuesday
TMCnet - Jun 26, 2008
She says she may try again in a couple of years to get it made a primary offense here. She notes that the state's seat-belt law was passed as a secondary ...
Fatalities show need for buckling up
South County Journal, MO - Jun 21, 2008
"We're as close as we're going to get (to nearing compliance) without a primary seat belt law," he said. According to the National Highway Transportation ...
Why airbags are your second line of defence
Business Daily Africa, Kenya - Jun 9, 2008
While airbags are a great invention they can only work if used with your primary restraint system (PRS), better known as seat belts. Seat belts are your ...
Seat belt interventions waste tax dollars
Desert Dispatch, CA - Jun 10, 2008
Let?s start by setting aside our belief that it?s not the role of our law enforcement agencies to monitor seat belt use. Individuals are responsible for ...
Click it or ticket ... or else?
Daily Illini, IL - Jun 2, 2008
Yes, seat belts save lives. Yes, it's a good idea to make a habit of wearing one at all times and make sure others in your vehicle are belted in. ...
Saturation nets thousands of violators
Tunica Times, MS - Jun 4, 2008
?In the 14 years I have been in law enforcement, we have never pulled a dead person out of a seatbelt,? Hamp said. ?Seatbelt violations are our primary ...
Morehouse School of Medicine helping make Atlanta a center for ...
Atlanta Journal Constitution,  USA - Jun 2, 2008
?My son wasn?t wearing a seat belt,? Maupin said. ?I know that my initiative saved lives, but I wasn?t able to change the habit of my son. ...
Nigeria: Abia - the Limits of Opposition
AllAfrica.com, Washington - Jun 1, 2008
At stake in the media shootout between Dr. Ugochukwu and his supporters on one hand and Governor Orji on the other is the seat of governor of Abia State. ...
Source: Google News

Effectiveness of primary and secondary enforced seat belt laws -
FP Rivara, DC Thompson, P Cummings - American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 1999 - Elsevier
... Mandatory belt use law effects in 1985 ... P, Skinner D. Fatality reductions from mandatory
seatbelt usage laws ... Restraint Technologies: Front Seat Occupant Protection ...

Primary enforcement seat belt laws are effective even in the face of rising belt use rates -
RA Shults, RW Elder, DA Sleet, RS Thompson, JL … - Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2004 - Elsevier
... public?s view of the importance of seat belt use. Therefore, primary laws
would be expected to lead to higher rates of seat belt use. ...

Decision Processes for Low Probability Events: Policy Implications
CF Camerer, H Kunreuther - Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 1989 - JSTOR
... in most states; and 35 states have seatbelt laws (as ... 25 of 10,000 motorists not wearing
seat belts would be fined ... Yet the reported seat belt usage rate in New ...

A Poisson Regression Model of Highway Fatalities -
R Michener, C Tighe - American Economic Review, 1992 - JSTOR
... co- efficient, suggesting that primary seat-belt laws save more lives ... having no
seat-belt laws, nationwide sec- ondary seat-belt laws would have lowered ...

Effect on fatality risk of changing from secondary to primary seat belt enforcement -
CM Farmer, AF Williams - Journal of Safety Research, 2005 - Elsevier
... funding from the Air Bag and Seat Belt Campaign and ... secondary to primary enforcement
of belt use laws ... legislation has been proposed that would provide financial ...

Patterns and Mechanisms of Lumbar Injuries Associated with Lap Seat Belts -
WS SMITH, H KAUFER - The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 1969 - JBJS
... There cais be no doubt. that the automobile lap-type seat belt is ami effective ... A
lap-type seat belt focuses the collision forces n the pelvis and lower part ...

Seatbelt use, attitudes, and changes in legislation An international study -
A Steptoe, J Wardle, R Fuller, S Davidsdottir, B … - American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2002 - Elsevier
... in the health benefits of seat belts would be positively ... Since seatbelt use is
associated with educational ... comparisons between reported seat belt use and ...

Does setting limits save lives? The case of 0. 08 BAC laws
TS Dee - Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2001 - JSTOR
... effects of 0.10 BAC standards, mandatory seat-belt laws, and ... under the conservative
assumption that this policy would only be ... Does Setting Limits Save Lives? ...

Seat belt laws and traffic fatalities: A research update -
B Maguire, WR Faulkner, RA Mathers - The Social Science Journal, 1996 - Elsevier
... Kathleen P. Sullivan, "Mandatory Seat Belt Laws in ... Fatality Reductions from Mandatory
Seatbelt Usage Laws ... Restraint Technologies: Front Seat Occupant Protection ...

Risk reduction or risk compensation? The case of mandatory safety-belt use laws -
WN Evans, JD Graham - Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 1991 - Springer
... represent the natural logarithm of front-seat car-occupant ... state has a stationary
level of belt use in ... The variable SEATBELT,, is a dummy variable equaling 1 ...

Source: Google Scholar
 

'Upgrading' from Secondary to Primary Seatbelt Laws Would Save Lives, Researchers Find

COLUMBIA, Mo. - Vehicle crashes claim approximately 42,000 lives each year, according to statistics from the U.S. Department of Transportation. Recently, Missouri and other states have been considering a law that would encourage seatbelt use. Research conducted by a University of Missouri-Columbia professor sheds new light on the importance of seatbelts and laws that encourage their use.

Lilliard Richardson, associate professor in MU's Truman School of Public Affairs, and David J. Houston, associate professor at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, conducted two studies of primary seatbelt enforcement, and both demonstrate the effectiveness of such laws in saving lives. Primary enforcement laws allow law enforcement officers to pull over drivers and ticket them if they are not wearing their seatbelts. Secondary enforcement laws, on the other hand, only allow an officer to pull over drivers for a separate violation (speeding, headlight out, etc.) and then ticket them if they are not wearing their seatbelts.

Article continues below and (thank you)
 
Twenty-four states have primary enforcement laws, whereas others, including Missouri, only have secondary enforcement laws. New Hampshire has no seatbelt law. A bill to change enforcement from secondary to primary recently passed in the Missouri House and Senate.

In the study "Safety Belt Use and the Switch to Primary Enforcement," Richardson and Houston developed statistical models of observed seatbelt use in 47 states and the District of Columbia from 1991 to 2003. They found that states could increase belt use by 10 percent and improve public safety considerably by upgrading to primary enforcement.

"Seatbelts save lives, and stronger seatbelt laws increase seatbelt use," Richardson said. "Many studies have examined the effects of primary and secondary enforcement laws, but our study is one of only a few to look at the gains that can be made by upgrading from a secondary to a primary law. Our results show that seatbelt use increased when states upgraded to primary enforcement laws, and this means that upgrading can save lives."

Thirteen of the 47 states studied changed their laws from secondary to primary between 1991 and 2003. Richardson and Houston found that seatbelt use in all of the states studied increased during the 13-year study, but states with primary enforcement laws consistently had the highest use of seatbelts, and states with only secondary enforcement laws had the lowest usage rates. States that started the study with secondary enforcement laws and then upgraded to primary enforcement laws experienced the greatest average increase in belt use. States that had primary enforcement laws throughout the study saw seatbelt use increase from 68.4 to 86.1 percent, whereas states that upgraded saw an increase from 55.5 to 82.7 percent.

Another study done by Richardson and Houston, "Reducing Traffic Fatalities in American States by Upgrading Seat Belt Use Laws to Primary Enforcement," showed a strong link not just between primary enforcement laws and seatbelt use, but between primary enforcement laws and a reduction in fatalities. The study found that fatality rates in states with secondary enforcement laws remained stable between 1990 and 2002, whereas fatality rates in states with primary enforcement laws continued to steadily decline. Even with statistical controls for demographic changes in the states over time, primary enforcement states showed nearly double the reduction in fatalities compared to secondary states. Further, an upgrade to primary enforcement was associated with a 5.1 percent decline in fatalities for drivers and a 4.7 percent decrease in all vehicle occupant fatalities. The study estimated that the ten states and District of Columbia that upgraded from secondary to primary enforcement laws saved 3,553 lives between 1993 and 2002.

"Safety Belt Use and the Switch to Primary Enforcement" was published in the American Journal of Public Health in November 2006, and "Reducing Traffic Fatalities in the American states by Upgrading Seatbelt Use Laws to Primary Enforcement" was published in the Journal of Public Analysis and Management in June 2006.

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